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Volume 73 - Issue 3 - September 2013

The Journal of Economic History Volume 73 - Issue 3 -
Contents

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Articles

  • Opening to the East: Shipping Between Europe and Asia, 1770–1830
  • Peter M. Solar
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 August 2013, pp. 625-661
  • View abstract

    Shipping costs between Europe and Asia were reduced by two-thirds between the 1770s and the 1820s. Copper sheathing and other technical improvements which allowed ships to make more frequent voyages over longer lifetimes accounted for part of the cost reduction. British hegemony in the Indian Ocean, which ended an eighteenth-century arms race, accounted for the rest by allowing the substitution of smaller ships which cost less to build and required fewer men per ton. These changes were at least as important as the elimination of monopoly profits in narrowing intercontinental price differentials during the early nineteenth century.

  • Building Fiscal Capacity in Colonial Mexico: From Fragmentation to Centralization
  • Luz Marina Arias
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 August 2013, pp. 662-693
  • View abstract

    The success of fiscal centralization and military buildup in colonial Mexico contrasts with failed similar attempts elsewhere. Why did powerful elites comply with fiscal-military reforms in eighteenth-century Mexico? I argue that the Seven Years' War provided incentives for the Crown to centralize and elites to comply by accentuating the free rider problems inherent in the provision of military defense under fiscal fragmentation. Fiscal data and history document that reforms were more successful in regions more militarily vulnerable and where benefits were more aligned between the elites and the Crown. Centralization served the elites to commit to collective cooperation.

  • A Dam Problem: TVA's Fight Against Malaria, 1926–1951
  • Carl Kitchens
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 August 2013, pp. 694-724
  • View abstract

    The TVA has been applauded for its anti-malaria programs in the Southeast during the 1930s and 1940s. However, the TVA developed their anti-malaria programs because they created lakes suitable for mosquito breeding. To estimate the relationship between the TVA and malaria, I construct a county-level panel data from the Southeast United States. I find that the net effect of the TVA was to increase malaria rates following its construction. Using statistical life value estimates, I find that the hidden malaria cost of the TVA offset 24 percent of the fiscal stimulus multiplier generated by the TVA.

  • American Incomes Before and After the Revolution
  • Peter H. Lindert, Jeffrey G. Williamson
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 August 2013, pp. 725-765
  • View abstract

    Building social tables in the tradition of Gregory King, we develop new estimates suggesting that between 1774 and 1800 American incomes fell in real per capita terms. The colonial South was richer than the North at the start, but was already beginning to lose its income lead by 1800. We also find that free American colonists had much more equal incomes than did households in England and Wales. The colonists had greater purchasing power than their English counterparts over all of the income ranks except in the top percent.

  • Taste Endures! The Rankings of Roger de Piles (†1709) and Three Centuries of Art Prices
  • Kathryn Graddy
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 August 2013, pp. 766-791
  • View abstract

    Roger de Piles (1635–1709) was a French art critic who decomposed the style and ability of 58 different artists into areas of composition, drawing, color, and expression, rating each artist on a 20-point scale in each category. Based on evidence from two data sets that together span from the mid-eighteenth century to the present, this article shows that De Piles' overall ratings have withstood the test of a very long period of time, with estimates indicating that the works of his higher-rated artists achieved both greater returns and higher critical acclaim than the works of his lower-rated artists.

  • A Troublesome Statistic: Traders and Coastal Shipments in the Westward Movement of Slaves
  • Richard H. Steckel, Nicolas Ziebarth
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 August 2013, pp. 792-809
  • View abstract

    We analyze all slave manifests housed at the National Archives—some 24,400 documents involving approximately 135,000 slaves who were transported in the coastwise trade from 1810 to 1861. The manifests list the name of the owner or shipper, which allows us to match names with traders found in other sources. We also utilize demographic characteristics of the manifests to estimate the probability that a trader organized the shipment. Commercial transactions increased over the antebellum period, and on average were responsible for approximately 55 percent of slaves who migrated from Atlantic to Gulf coast ports.

    “No one has ever suggested a method for finding what proportion of the slaves transported from one state to another were taken by their original masters or their heirs for their own use.”

    Bancroft 1931, p. 397

  • Law, Politics, and Financial Development: The Great Reversal of the U.K. Corporate Debt Market
  • Christopher Coyle, John D. Turner
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 August 2013, pp. 810-846
  • View abstract

    This article examines the role of creditor protection in the development of the U.K. corporate bond market. This market grew rapidly in the late nineteenth century, but in the twentieth century it experienced a reversal, albeit with a short-lived post-1945 renaissance. Such was the extent of the reversal that the market from the 1970s onwards was smaller than it had been in 1870. We find that law does not explain the variation in the size of this market over time. Alternatively, our evidence suggests that inflation and taxation policies were major drivers of this market in the post-1945 era.

  • Globalization and the Near East: A Study of Cotton Market Integration in Egypt and Western Anatolia
  • Laura Panza
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 August 2013, pp. 847-872
  • View abstract

    The Near East underwent a process of integration with the global economy during the second half of the nineteenth century. This article explores one aspect of this process, examining the linkages established between the cotton industries in Egypt and Western Anatolia, and the international cotton market during the first wave of globalization. We undertake a quantitative exploration of the pattern of price transmission between the Near East and the international cotton markets over this period, connecting changes in the nature of spatial market integration to major economic and political developments.

Reviews of Books

Ancient to Modern Europe

United States and Canada

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