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Prepregnancy obesity is associated with lower psychomotor development scores in boys at age 3 in a low-income, minority birth cohort

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2019

Amy R. Nichols ,
Andrew G. Rundle ,
Pam Factor-Litvak ,
Beverly J. Insel ,
Lori Hoepner ,
Virginia Rauh ,
Frederica Perera  and
Elizabeth M. Widen Open the ORCID record for Elizabeth M. Widen [Opens in a new window]
Amy R. Nichols
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Andrew G. Rundle
Affiliation:
Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Pam Factor-Litvak
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Beverly J. Insel
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Lori Hoepner
Affiliation:
Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
Virginia Rauh
Affiliation:
Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Frederica Perera
Affiliation:
Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Elizabeth M. Widen*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
*
Address for correspondence: Elizabeth M. Widen, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. Email: elizabeth.widen@austin.utexas.edu
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Abstract

Whether maternal obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with early-childhood development in low-income, urban, minority populations, and whether effects differ by child sex remain unknown. This study examined the impact of prepregnancy BMI and GWG on early childhood neurodevelopment in the Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health Mothers and Newborns study. Maternal prepregnancy weight was obtained by self-report, and GWG was assessed from participant medical charts. At child age 3 years, the Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) and Mental Development Index (MDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Intelligence were completed. Sex-stratified linear regression models assessed associations between prepregnancy BMI and pregnancy weight gain z-scores with child PDI and MDI scores, adjusting for covariates. Of 382 women, 48.2% were normal weight before pregnancy, 24.1% overweight, 23.0% obese, and 4.7% underweight. At 3 years, mean scores on the PDI and MDI were higher among girls compared to boys (PDI: 102.3 vs. 97.2, P = 0.0002; MDI: 92.8 vs. 88.3, P = 0.0001). In covariate-adjusted models, maternal obesity was markedly associated with lower PDI scores in boys [b = −7.81, 95% CI: (−13.08, −2.55), P = 0.004], but not girls. Maternal BMI was not associated with MDI in girls or boys, and GWG was not associated with PDI or MDI among either sex (all-P > 0.05). We found that prepregnancy obesity was associated with lower PDI scores at 3 years in boys, but not girls. The mechanisms underlying this sex-specific association remain unclear, but due to elevated obesity exposure in urban populations, further investigation is warranted.

Keywords

Pregnancymaternal obesitygestational weight gainchild development
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 11 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 49 - 57
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2019 

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