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Peripubertal soy isoflavone consumption leads to subclinical hypothyroidism in male Wistar rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 August 2022

Gonzalo Ogliari Dal Forno ,
Isabela Medeiros Oliveira ,
Mônica Degraf Cavallin ,
Thalita Iaroczinski Alves Santos ,
Hanan Khaled Sleiman ,
Margarete Kimie Falbo ,
Marco Aurélio Romano Open the ORCID record for Marco Aurélio Romano [Opens in a new window]  and
Renata Marino Romano Open the ORCID record for Renata Marino Romano [Opens in a new window]
Gonzalo Ogliari Dal Forno
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
Isabela Medeiros Oliveira
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
Mônica Degraf Cavallin
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
Thalita Iaroczinski Alves Santos
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
Hanan Khaled Sleiman
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
Margarete Kimie Falbo
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
Marco Aurélio Romano
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
Renata Marino Romano*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil
*
Address for correspondence: Renata Marino Romano, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), R. Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Guarapuava, PR, CEP 85040-080, Brazil. Email: romano@unicentro.br
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Abstract

Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during critical windows of development may lead to functional abnormalities in adulthood. Isoflavones are a flavonoid group of phytoestrogens that are recognized by their estrogenic activity and are highly abundant in soybean. Since the thyroid gland presents estrogen receptors and infants, toddlers and teenagers may consume isoflavones from soy-based infant formula and beverages as alternatives to animal milk, we propose to investigate the potential effects of relevant concentrations of soy isoflavones in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary (HP) thyroid axis using peripubertal male rats as an experimental model. Thirty-two 23-day-old male rats were exposed to 0.5, 5, or 50 mg of soy isoflavones/kg from weaning to 60 days of age, when they were euthanized, and the tissues were collected to evaluate the mRNA expression of genes involved in the regulation of the HP thyroid axis and dosages of thyroid hormones (THs). Serum TSH concentrations were increased, while alterations were not observed in serum concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Regarding mRNA gene expression, Mct-8 was increased in the hypothalamus, Mct-8, Thra1, and Thrb2 were decreased in the pituitary, and Nis and Pds were reduced in the thyroid. In the heart, Mct8 and Thrb2 were increased, and Thra1 was decreased. In the liver, Mct8, Thra1, and Thrb2 were decreased. These results suggest that the consumption of relevant doses of soy isoflavones during the peripubertal period in males may induce subclinical hypothyroidism, with alterations in the regulation of the HP thyroid axis, modulation of TH synthesis, and peripheral alterations in TH target organs.

Keywords

hypothyroidismisoflavoneshypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axissubclinical hypothyroidismgene expressionthyroid hormones
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , April 2023 , pp. 209 - 222
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

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