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Evaluation of H19, Mest, Meg3, and Peg3 genes affecting growth and metabolism in umbilical cord blood cells of infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes and healthy mothers in Rafsanjan City, Iran

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 July 2022

Fatemeh Rahimi Mehdi Abad ,
Mohammad Reza Hajizadeh ,
Mehdi Mahmoodi ,
Zahra Jalali ,
Fatemeh Nazem Kazeruni ,
Jennifer Swann ,
Reza Hosseiniara Open the ORCID record for Reza Hosseiniara [Opens in a new window]  and
Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad
Fatemeh Rahimi Mehdi Abad
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
Mohammad Reza Hajizadeh*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
Mehdi Mahmoodi
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Zahra Jalali
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
Fatemeh Nazem Kazeruni
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
Jennifer Swann
Affiliation:
Biological Sciences, Interim Director of Africana Studies, Williams Hall, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, United States
Reza Hosseiniara
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad
Affiliation:
Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran
*
Address for correspondence: Dr. Mohammad Reza Hajizadeh, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Email: hajizadehus@yahoo.com
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Abstract

Hyperglycemia during the first trimester leads to an increased risk of innate malformations as well as death at times close to delivery dates. The methylated genes include those from paternal H19 and PEG3 and those from maternal MEST and MEG3 that are necessary for the growth and regulation of the human fetus and its placenta. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the expression of these genes in the cord blood of healthy infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy mothers.

This case-control study was conducted on the cord blood of 40 infants born to mothers with GDM and 35 infants born to healthy mothers. Mothers were identified by measuring oral glucose tolerance in the 24th–26th week of pregnancy. Cord blood was obtained post-delivery, and cord blood mononuclear cells were immediately extracted, using Ficoll solution. Then, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed, and gene expression of MEG3, PEG3, H19, and MEST was assessed through quantitative real-time PCR.

Findings show that the expression levels of MEG3, PEG3, H19, and MEST genes were significantly decreased in mononuclear cord blood cells of infants born to mothers with GDM when compared to those of the healthy control group.

These findings reveal that the reduction of imprinted genes in mothers with GDM is most likely due to changes in their methylation by an epigenetic process. Considering the importance of GDM due to its high prevalence and its side effects both for mother and fetus, recognizing their exact mechanisms is of high importance. This has to be studied more widely.

Keywords

Diabetesgestational diabetes mellitusH19MESTPEG3MEG3
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , April 2023 , pp. 182 - 189
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

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