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Being born small-for-gestational-age is associated with an unfavourable dietary intake in Danish adolescent girls: findings from the Danish National Birth Cohort

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 November 2018

F. B. Kampmann ,
L. G. Grunnet ,
T. I. Halldorsson ,
A. A. Bjerregaard ,
C. Granstrøm ,
S. M. Pires ,
M. Strøm ,
A. A. Vaag ,
I. Tetens  and
S. F. Olsen
F. B. Kampmann*
Affiliation:
Centre for Foetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark Department of Endocrinology – Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
L. G. Grunnet
Affiliation:
Department of Endocrinology – Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
T. I. Halldorsson
Affiliation:
Centre for Foetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
A. A. Bjerregaard
Affiliation:
Centre for Foetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
C. Granstrøm
Affiliation:
Centre for Foetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
S. M. Pires
Affiliation:
Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
M. Strøm
Affiliation:
Centre for Foetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark Faculty of Natural and Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
A. A. Vaag
Affiliation:
Department of Endocrinology – Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease (CVMD) Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
I. Tetens
Affiliation:
Vitality – Centre for Good Older Lives, Department of Nutrition, Sports & Exercise, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
S. F. Olsen
Affiliation:
Centre for Foetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
*
Address of correspondence: F. B. Kampmann, DTU Food, Kemitorvet, Building 202, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. E-mail: fredr@food.dtu.dk
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Abstract

Individuals born small have an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Altered food preferences in these subjects seem to play a role; however, limited evidence is available on the association between being born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) at term and food intake in adolescence. Alterations in leptin, ghrelin and dopamine levels are suggested mechanisms linking SGA with later food intake. From a large prospective Danish National Birth Cohort, we compared dietary intake of adolescents being born SGA with normal-for-gestational-age (NGA) adolescents. Intake of foods and nutrients was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire in a subsample of 15,607 14-year-old individuals born at term. SGA was defined by birth weight (BW) <10th percentile (n = 1470) and NGA as BW between 10 and 90th percentile (n = 14,137) according to sex and gestational age-specific BW standard curves. Girls born SGA had a 7% (95% CI: 3–12%, P = 0.002) higher intake of added sugar and a 2–8% lower intake of dietary fibre, vegetables, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and total n−6, compared with NGA girls (P < 0.05). Adjusting for parental socio-occupational status, maternal smoking and diet in pregnancy did not substantially change the differences in dietary intake, except from dietary fibre, which were no longer statistically significant. No significant differences in dietary intake between SGA and NGA boys were found. In summary, girls born SGA had an unfavourable dietary intake compared with NGA girls. These differences persisted after controlling for potential confounders, thus supporting a fetal programming effect on dietary intake in girls born SGA at term. However, residual confounding by other factors operating early in childhood cannot be excluded.

Keywords

adolescencedietary intakefetal programmingsmall-for-gestational-age (SGA)
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 10 , Issue 4 , August 2019 , pp. 488 - 496
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2018 

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