Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2xdlg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-22T10:50:57.807Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Acetolactate synthase of Leuconostoc lactis and its regulation of acetoin production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2009

Timothy M. Cogan
Affiliation:
Moorepark Research Centre, The Agricultural Institute, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Irish Republic
Richard J. Fitzgerald
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, University College, Cork, Irish Republic
Shawn Doonan
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, University College, Cork, Irish Republic

Summary

The acetolactate synthase of Leuconostoc lactis NCW1 was studied. The Mn2+ content of cell free extracts was 3·2 µ/mg protein. The enzyme did not require Mn2+ for activity, had an optimum pH between 5 and 6 and was labile. Incubation at 21 °C or addition of thiamine pyrophosphate followed by storage at 4 °C stabilized the enzyme. It was allosteric with at least two binding sites for pyruvate and was inhibited by several products of glucose metabolism (6-phosphogluconate, 3-phosphoglycerate, 2-phosphoglycerate, PEP and ATP) at pH 5·4. Except for ATP, which became more inhibitory, the inhibition disappeared completely (6-phosphogluconate, 2-phosphoglycerate, and PEP) or partly (3-phosphoglycerate) at pH 4·7. The role of these compounds in the regulation of acetoin production from citrate by leuconostocs is discussed.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Archibald, F. S. & Fridovich, I. 1981 Manganese and defenses against oxygen toxicity in Lactobacillus plantarum. Journal of Bacteriology 145 442451CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cogan, T. M. 1975 Citrate utilization in milk by Leuconostoc cremoris and Streptococcus diacetilactis. Journal of Dairy Research 42 139146CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cogan, T. M., O'dowd, M. & Mellerick, D. 1981 Effects of pH and sugar on acetoin production from citrate by Leuconostoc lactis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 41 18CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, E. B. & Speckman, R. A. 1974 Evidence for cellular control in the synthesis of acetoin or α-ketoisovaleric acid by microorganisms. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 20 805811Google Scholar
Drinan, D. F., Tobin, S. & Cogan, T. M. 1976 Citric acid metabolism in hetero- and homofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31 481486CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gabvie, E. I. 1967 The growth factor and amino acid requirements of species of the genus Leuconostoc, including Leuconostoc paramesenteroides (sp.nov.) and Leuconostoc oenos. Journal of General Microbiology 48 439447Google Scholar
Halpern, Y. S. & Umbarger, H. E. 1959 Evidence for two distinct enzyme systems forming acetolactate in Aerobacter aerogenes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 234 30673071CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvey, R. J. & Collins, E. B. 1961 Role of citritase in acetoin formation by Streptococcus diacetilactis and Leuconostoc citrovorum. Journal of Bacteriology 82 954959CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. J. 1951 Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193 265275Google Scholar
Maloney, P. C. 1979 Membrane H+ conductance of Streptococcus lactis. Journal of Bacteriology 140 197205Google Scholar
Maloney, P. C. 1983 Relationship between phosphorylation potential and electrochemical H+ gradient during glycolysis in Streptococcus lactis. Journal of Bacteriology 153 14611470Google Scholar
Malthe-Sørenssen, D. & Störmer, F. C. 1970 The pH 6 acetolactate-forming enzyme from Serratia marcescens. Purification and properties. European Journal of Biochemistry 14 127132Google Scholar
Mellerick, D. & Cogan, T. M. 1981 Induction of some enzymes of citrate metabolism in Leuconostoc lactis and other heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Journal of Dairy Research 48 497502Google Scholar
Otto, R., Ten Brink, B., Veldkamp, H. & Konings, W. N. 1983 The relation between growth rate and electrochemical proton gradient of Streptococcus cremoris. FEMS Microbiology Letters 16 6974Google Scholar
Störmer, F. C. 1967 Isolation of crystalline pH 6 acetolactate-forming enzyme from Aerobacter aerogenes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 242 17561759Google Scholar
Störmer, F. C. 1968 The pH 6 acetolactate-forming enzyme from Aerobacter aerogenes. 1. Kinetic studies. Journal of Biological Chemistry 243 37353739CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Störmer, F. C., Solberg, Y. & Hovig, T. 1969 The pH 6 acetolactate-forming enzyme from Aerobacler aerogenes. Molecular properties. European Journal of Biochemistry 10 251260Google Scholar
Thompson, J. 1978 In vivo regulation of glycolysis and characterization of sugar: phosphotransferase systems in Streptococcus lactis. Journal of Bacteriology 136 465476CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Beynum, J. & Pette, J. W. 1939 The decomposition of citric acid by Betacoccus cremoris. Journal of Dairy Research 10 250266Google Scholar
Westerfeld, W. W. 1945 A colorimetric determination of blood acetoin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 161 495502CrossRefGoogle Scholar