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The Visualization and Analysis of Historical Space

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2020

Peter Bol
Peter Bol*
Affiliation:
Harvard University
*
*Corresponding author. Email: pkbol@fas.harvard.edu
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Abstract

A brief introduction to historical Geographic Information Systems and the creation of the China Historical GIS. Introductions are given to the CHGIS datasets covering 221 BCE to 1911 and the many GIS datasets on nineteenth and twentieth century China created under the leadership of the late G. William Skinner.

Type
Utilities
Information
Journal of Chinese History 中國歷史學刊 , Volume 4 , Special Issue 2: Digital Humanities , July 2020 , pp. 511 - 519
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

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References

1 On the 1136 Yujitu see, for example, Akin, Alexander and Mumford, David, “‘Yu Laid Out the Lands’: Georeferencing the Chinese Yujitu [Map of the Tracks of Yu] of 1136,” Cartography and Geographic Information Science 39.3 (2012), 154–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Cheng Yinong 成一农, “Fei ke xue” de Zhongguo chuan tong yu tu “非科学”的中国传统舆图 (Beijing: Zhongguo she hui kexue, 2016); Bol, Peter K., “Exploring the Propositions in Maps: The Case of the ‘Yuji tu’ of 1136,” Journal of Song-Yuan Studies 46 (2016), 209–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

2 稅安禮, Shui Anli, Lidai dili zhizhang tu 歷代地理指掌圖 (Shanghai: Shanghai guji, 1989)Google Scholar.

3 Cordell D.K. Yee, “Cartography in China,” in Cartography in Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies, ed. Harley, J.B. and Woodward, David, The History of Cartography 2:2: Cartography in Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994)Google Scholar.

4 Cao Wanru 曹婉如 and et al., eds., Zhongguo gudai ditu ji 中國古代地圖集, 3 vols (Beijing: Wenwu, 1990–94). For holdings of maps in Chinese in the US and Europe see Li Xiaocong 李孝聪 and Library of Congress, Meiguo guohui tushuguan cang zhongwen guditu xulu 美国国会图书馆藏中文古地图叙录 (Beijing: Wen wu, 2004); Li Xiaocong 李孝聪, Ouzhou shoucang bufen zhongwen guditu xulu 欧洲收藏部分中文古地图叙录 (Beijing: Guoji wenhua chuban gongsi, 1996).

5 http://digitalatlas.asdc.sinica.edu.tw.

6 https://www.oldmapsonline.org.

7 http://map.rchss.sinica.edu.tw.

8 https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ and https://landsatlook.usgs.gov/viewer.html.

9 Indexed and discussed in Endymion Porter Wilkinson, Chinese History: A New Manual, 5th edn (Cambridge, MA: Endymion Wilkinson, c/o Harvard University Asia Center, 2018).

10 Tan Qixiang 谭其骧, ed. Zhongguo lishi ditu ji 中国历史地图集, 8 vols (Shanghai: Ditu, 1982).

11 For a more thorough introduction to GIS see the Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system.

12 Anne Knowles has led the way in the application of GIS to historical studies; see Anne Kelly Knowles, ed. Special Issue: Historical GIS: The Spatial Turn in Social Science History, Social Science History 24.3 (2000); id. Past Time, Past Place: GIS for History (Redlands, CA: ESRI Press, 2002); id. “Emerging Trends in Historical GIS,” Historical Geography 33 (2005), 7–13; Anne Kelly Knowles and Amy Hillier, eds., Placing History: How Maps, Spatial Data, and GIS Are Changing Historical Scholarship (Redlands, CA: ESRI Press, 2008). For practical advice see Gregory, Ian, A Place in History: A Guide to Using GIS in Historical Research (Oxford: Oxbow, 2003)Google Scholar; Gregory, Ian and Ell, Paul S., Historical GIS: Technologies, Methodologies and Scholarship (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

13 Bol, Peter K., “Creating a GIS for the History of China,” in Placing History: How Maps, Spatial Data, and GIS are Changing Historical Scholarship, ed. Knowles, Anne Kelly and Hillier, Amy (Redlands, CA: ESRI Press, 2007)Google Scholar; Bol, Peter K. and Ge, Jianxong, “China Historical GIS,” Historical Geography 33 (2005)Google Scholar; Peter K. Bol et al., “China Historical Geographic Information System 1.0–6.0,” Harvard University and Fudan University, 2002–2019.

14 http://maps.cga.harvard.edu/tgaz/.

15 http://worldmap.harvard.edu/maps/chgis/dtg. Datasets prepared by Yuan Yuying.

16 https://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~chgis/.

17 https://library.harvard.edu/services-tools/harvard-geospatial-library This search engine covers holdings at Harvard and many other institutions.

18 CHGIS Version 6 Dataverse, https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/chgis_v6 for point and polygon files; https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/M7WEFY&version=5.0, for lakes, rivers, and coastlines; https://dataverse.harvard.edu/file.xhtml?fileId=3359166&version=8.0 for the digital elevation model with elevations color-coded.

19 www.arcgis.com/home/index.html. As an example, see the online version of Map 2 at http://arcg.is/0je40u. The free public option limits the size of user datasets.

20 Contemporary China: http://worldmap.harvard.edu/chinamap/. Historical periods: http://worldmap.harvard.edu/maps/chinaX and other mapsets in the ChinaX series. CHGIS http://worldmap.harvard.edu/maps/chgis. Skinner: http://worldmap.harvard.edu/skinner/. Silk roads: http://worldmap.harvard.edu/maps/7547.

21 http://amap.zju.edu.cn.

22 www.srhgis.com

23 http://ccts.sinica.edu.tw/framework.php?lang=zh-tw.