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Status and correlates of non-communicable diseases among children and adolescents in slum and non-slum areas of India's four metropolitan cities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 January 2023

Harihar Sahoo Open the ORCID record for Harihar Sahoo [Opens in a new window] ,
Preeti Dhillon Open the ORCID record for Preeti Dhillon [Opens in a new window] ,
Enu Anand ,
Anjula Srivastava ,
Mohd Usman ,
Praween K. Agrawal ,
Robert Johnston  and
Sayeed Unisa
Harihar Sahoo
Affiliation:
Department of Family and Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, (IIPS) Mumbai, India
Preeti Dhillon
Affiliation:
Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, IIPS, Mumbai, India
Enu Anand
Affiliation:
Doctoral Fellow, IIPS, Mumbai, India
Anjula Srivastava
Affiliation:
Independent Consultant, Technical Writer
Mohd Usman
Affiliation:
Doctoral Fellow, IIPS, Mumbai, India
Praween K. Agrawal
Affiliation:
UNICEF, New Delhi, India
Robert Johnston
Affiliation:
UNICEF, New Delhi, India
Sayeed Unisa*
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, IIPS, Mumbai, India
*
*Corresponding author. Email: sunisa829@gmail.com
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Abstract

The emergence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in childhood poses a serious risk to a healthy adult life. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of NCDs among children and adolescents in slums and non-slums areas of four metropolitan cities of India, and in rural areas of the respective states The study further, investigated the effect of the place residence as slum vs. non-slum and other risk factors of the NCDs. Nationally representative data from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) was used.. Estimates were based on children (5-9 years) and adolescents (10-19 years) for whom biomarkers predicting diabetes, high total cholesterol, high triglycerides and hypertension were determined. Weight, height and age data were used to calculate z-scores of the body mass index. Overweight and obesity was higher in urban areas than in rural areas among children and adolescents. Regional differences in the prevalence of diseases were observed; children in Delhi and Chennai had a higher likelihood of being diabetic while children in Kolkata were at a greater risk of high total cholesterol and high triglycerides. The risk of hypertension was strikingly high among non-slum children in Delhi. Children from slums were at a higher risk of diabetes compared to the children from non-slums, while children and adolecents from non-slums were at a greater risk of high triglycerides and hypertension respectively than their counterparts from slums. Male children and adolecents had a higher risk of diabetes and high cholesterol. Screening of children for early detection of NCDs should be integrated with the already existing child and adolescent development schemes in schools and the community can help in prevention and control of NCDs in childhood.

Keywords

Non-communicable diseasesadolescentsslumsurban
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 55 , Issue 6 , November 2023 , pp. 1064 - 1085
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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