Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T13:41:24.902Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Morphological jaw differences in mentally subnormal and normal adult males

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2008

Alan Sanderson ,
Patrick J. Laycock ,
Malcolm M. MacCulloch  and
Alan Girling
Alan Sanderson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham
Patrick J. Laycock
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham
Malcolm M. MacCulloch
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham
Alan Girling
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The shape of the mandibular symphysis was studied in four groups of adult male Caucasians, aged 18–49. The composition of the groups and their numbers were as follows: (1) Down's syndrome (20), (2) familial idiopathic subnormality (20), (3) healthy individuals, IQ range 94−120 (22), and (4) healthy individuals, IQ 130+ (22). From lateral skull radiographs, the outline of the mandibular symphysis was digitized with a D-mac pencil follower. Selected distances and angles were computed and used as variables in a canonical analysis. Plots of the canonical variates discriminated appreciably between each group. Generalized distance measurements between group means were significant for all pairs of groups except 2/3 and 3/4. The results suggest a genetic link between intelligence and symphysis shape. This hypothesis will be tested by introducing a brain-damaged group, matched in intelligence, and for length of stay in hospital, with Group 2. The finding could influence developments in human genetics and psychology.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 7 , Issue 4 , October 1975 , pp. 393 - 410
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ashton, E.H., Healy, M.J.R. & Lipton, S. (1957) The descriptive use of discriminant functions in physical anthropology. Proc. R. Soc. B, 146, 552.Google Scholar
Beard, L.F.H. & Burke, P.H. (1967) Evolution of a system of stereophotogrammetry for the study of facial morphology. Med. biol. Illust. 17, 20.Google Scholar
Benda, C.E. (1960) The Child with Mongolism. Grune & Stratton, New York.Google Scholar
Björk, A. (1947) The face in profile. Svensk Tandläk. Tidskr. 40, Suppl. 5B. Lund.Google Scholar
Broadbent, B.H. (1931) A new X-ray technique and its application to orthodontia. Angle Orthod. 1, 45.Google Scholar
Brothwell, D.R. & Harvey, R.G. (1965) Facial variation. Some problems of recording shapes and determining the affinities of human populations by means of facial differences, with special reference to the people of Tristan de Cunha. Eugen. Rev. 57, 167.Google Scholar
Brothwell, D.R., Healy, M.J.R. & Harvey, R.G. (1972) Canonical analysis of facial variation. J. biosoc. Sci. 4, 175.Google Scholar
Cattell, R.B. (1965) The Scientific Analysis of Personality. Penguin, Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Cohen, M.M., Winer, R.A., Schwartz, S. & Shklar, G. (1961) Oral aspects of mongolism. Oral Surg. 14, 92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fuller, J.L. (1964) Physiological and population aspects of behavior genetics. Am. Zool. 4, 101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heim, A.W. (1970) AH6 Test Manual. National Foundation for Educational Research Publications, Windsor.Google Scholar
Huddart, A.G., Clarke, J. & Thacker, T. (1971) The application of computers to the study of maxillary arch dimensions. Br. dent. J. 30, 397.Google Scholar
Joseph, M. & Dawbarn, C. (1970) Measurement of the Facies. A Study in Down's Syndrome. Research Monograph No. 3, Spastics International Medical Publications. Heineman, London.Google Scholar
Kisling, E. (1966) Cranial Morphology in Down's Syndrome. A Comparative Roentgencephalometric Study in Adult Males. Munksgaard, Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Kisling, E. & Krebs, G. (1963) Periodontal conditions in adult patients with mongolism. Acta odont. scand. 21, 391.Google Scholar
Kraus, B.S., Wise, W.J. & Frei, R.H. (1959) Heredity and the cranio-facial complex. Am. J. Orthod. 45, 172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kshirsagar, A.M. (1972) Multivariate Analysis, p. 148. Marcel Dekker, New York.Google Scholar
Parnell, R.W. (1958) Behaviour and Physique. An Introduction to Practical and Applied Somatometry. Arnold, London.Google Scholar
Penrose, L.S. & Smith, G.F. (1966) Down's Anomaly. Churchill, London.Google Scholar
Rabey, G. (1968) Morphanalysis. Lewis, London.Google Scholar
Raven, J.C. (1958) Standard Progressive Matrices. Lewis, London.Google Scholar
Sanderson, A. (1970) The relation between facial appearance and personality. A preliminary communication. Devl Med. child Neurol. 12, 807.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheldon, W.H., Stevens, S.S. & Tucker, W.B. (1940) The Varieties of Human Physique. Harper, New York.Google Scholar
Smith, D.W. (1970) Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation. Saunders, Philadelphia.Google ScholarPubMed
Tanner, J.M. (1966) Galtonian eugenics and the study of growth: the relation of body size, intelligence test score, and social circumstances in children and adults. Eugen. Rev. 58, 122.Google Scholar
Walker, G.F. (1972) A new approach to the analysis of cranio-facial morphology and growth. Am. J. Orthod. 61, 221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar