Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T09:57:49.841Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Whole sorghum inclusion and feed form on performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 June 2018

M. Mabelebele ,
R. M. Gous ,
H. V. Masey O'Neil  and
P. A. Iji
M. Mabelebele*
Affiliation:
University of South Africa, College of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Florida Campus, Rooderpoort, Johannesburg, South Africa
R. M. Gous
Affiliation:
University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, School of Rural, Earth and Environmental Science, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
H. V. Masey O'Neil
Affiliation:
AB Vista Feed Ingredients, Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
P. A. Iji
Affiliation:
University of New England, School of Rural and Environmental Science, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
*
*Corresponding author:mabelebelem@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

A total of 432, one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned as a 2 × 4 factorial design (pellet or mash and 0, 25, 50, and 75% whole sorghum levels) in a completely randomised experiment, having six replicates with nine birds per replicate. Body weight and feed intake were measured on a pen basis at 10, 25, and 35 days of age and feed conversion ratio calculated. Pelleting diets significantly improved (P<0.05) feed intake, body weight and carcass yield of broiler chickens at 10 and 24 days of age. Heavier relative gizzard weights with lower pH (P<0.05) were recorded for broiler chickens offered mash diets at 35 days old. Feed conversion ratio at 35 days of age increased (P<0.035, quadratic effect) with higher levels of whole sorghum and levelled off at 75% inclusion rates. Relative gizzard weight at 35 days was marginally increased (P<0.033, linear effect) in line with rising sorghum levels. Similarly, relative bursa and liver weights at 35 days increased (P<0.037, quadratic effect and P<0.033, linear effect, respectively) with sorghum inclusion. The results showed that pelleted diets gave superior performance compared to mash diets. Although higher levels of sorghum inclusion in mash diets enhanced gizzard development, performance parameters of birds at 35 days of age were poorer, with 125 g less body weight and an increase in FCR from 1.51 to 1.62 for the 0% and 75% sorghum levels respectively.

Keywords

Chickenssorghumorgansperformancemeat yieldprocessing
Type
Original Research
Information
Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition , Volume 6 , 2018 , e5
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition Ltd. 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amerah, A.M. and Ravindran, V. (2008). Influence of method of whole-wheat feeding on the performance, digestive tract development and carcass traits of broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 147: 326–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biggs, P., and Parsons, C.M. (2009). The effects of whole grains on nutrients digestibilities, growth performance, and cecal short-chain in young chicks fed ground corn-soybean meal diets. Poultry Science 88: 1893–1905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chewning, C.G., Stark, C.R. and Brake, J. (2012). Effects of particle size and feed form on broiler performance. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 21: 830–837.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, P.M., Behnke, K.C. and Fahrenholz, A.C. (2009). Effects of feeding cracked corn and concentrate protein pellets on broiler growth performance. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 18: 259–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dozier, W.A., Behnke, K., Twining, P. and Branton, S.L. (2009). Effects of the addition of roller mill ground corn to pelleted feed during a fifty-six-day production period on growth performance and processing yields of broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 18: 310–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engberg, R.M., Hedemann, M.S., Steenfeldt, B.B. and Jensen, B.B. (2004). Influence of whole wheat and xylanase on broiler performance and microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract. Poultry Science 83: 925–938.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernandes, E.A., Pereira, W.J.S., Hackenhaar, L., Rodrigues, R.M. and Terra, R. (2013). The use of whole grain sorghum in broiler feeds. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 15: 217–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabriel, I., Mallet, S. and Leconte, M. (2008). Effect of whole wheat feeding on the development of the digestive tract of broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 142: 144–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, J.U.N. (2002). Nutritional evaluation and utilisation of quality protein maize Zhong Dan 9409 in pig feed. MSc Thesis, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081.Google Scholar
Hetland, H., Svihus, B. and Olaisen, V. (2002). Effect of feeding whole cereals on performance, starch digestibility, and duodenal particle size distribution in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. 43: 416–423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hetland, H., Svihus, B. and Krogdahl, Å. (2003). Effects of oat hulls and wood shavings on digestion in broilers and layers fed diets based on whole or ground wheat. British Poultry Science 44: 275–282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lentle, R.G., Ravindran, V., Ravindran, G., Thomas, D.V. (2006). Influence of feed particle size on the efficiency of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets. Journal of Poultry Science 43: 135–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, S.Y., Fox, G., Khoddami, A., Neilson, K.A., Truong, H.H., Moss, A.F., Selle, P.H. (2015). Grain sorghum: a conundrum for chicken-meat production. Agriculture, 5: 1224–1251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lv, J., Wei, L., Yang, Y., Wang, B., Liang, W., Gao, Y. and Chai, T. (2015). Amino acid substitutions in the neuraminidase protein of an H9N2 avian influenza virus affect its airborne transmission in chickens. Veterinary Research 46: 1–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mabelebele, M., Siwela, M., Gous, R.M. and Iji, P.A. (2015). Chemical composition and Nutritive Value of South African Sorghum Varieties as Feed for Broiler Chickens. South African Journal of Animal Science. 45: 206–2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKinney, L.J. and Teeter, R.G. (2004). Predicting effective caloric value of non-nutritive factors: I. Pellet quality and II. Prediction of consequential formulation dead zones. Poultry Science 83: 1165–1174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nir, I., Hillel, R., Ptichi, I. and Shefet, G. (1995). Effect of particle size on performance. 3. Grinding pelleting interactions. Poultry Science 74: 771–783.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nir, I., Twina, Y., Grossman, E., and Nitsan, Z.. (1994). Quantitative effects of pelleting on performance, gastrointestinal tract and behaviour of meat-type chickens. Poultry Science 35: 589–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noirot, V., Bouvarel, I., Barrier-guillot, B., Castaing, J., Zwick, J.L. and Picard, M. (1998). Whole cereal grains in broiler nutrition: the comeback. INRA Productions Animales, 11: 349–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, C.M., Buchanan, N.P., Blemings, K.P., Wilson, M.E. and Moritz, J.S. (2006). Effects of corn particle size and pellet texture on broiler performance in the growing phase. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 15: 245–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roche, M. (1981). Feeding behaviour and digestive motility of birds. Reproduction Nutrition Development 21: 781–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS. (2008). Statistical Analysis Systems User's Guide: version 9.2. 2nd Edn. SAS Institute Inc., North Caroline, USA.Google Scholar
Selle, P.H., Gill, R.J. and Downing, J.A. (2010). The vulnerability of sorghum to ‘moist-heat’. Proceedings Australia Poultry Science Symposium 21: 68–71.Google Scholar
Short, F.J., Gorton, P., Wiseman, J. and Boorman, K.N. (1996). Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology 59: 215–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, Y. (2013). Whole grain inclusion in poultry diets. PhD Thesis, Massey University, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Svihus, B. and Hetland, H. (2001). Ileal starch digestibility in growing broiler chickens fed on a wheat-based diet is improved by mash feeding, dilution with cellulose or whole-wheat inclusion. British Poultry Science 42: 633–637.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sweeney, R.A. (1989). Generic combustion method for determination of crude protein in feeds: Collaborative study. Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists 72: 770–774.Google ScholarPubMed
Torres, K.A.A., Pizauro, J.M., Soares, C.P., Silva, T.G.A. and Nogueira, W.C.L. (2013). Effects of corn inclusion by sorghum in broiler diets on performance and intestinal mucosa integrity. Poultry Science 92: 1564–1571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uddin, M.S., Rose, S.P., Hiscock, T.A. and Bonnet, S. (1996). A comparison of the energy availability for chickens of ground and whole grain samples of two wheat varieties. British Poultry Science 37: 347–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Y.B., Ravindran, V. and Hendricks, W.H. (2004). Influence of exogenous enzyme supplementation on energy utilisation and nutrient digestibility of cereals for broilers. Journal of Science. Food Agriculture. 84: 1817–1822.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhai, S.W. (2002). Nutritional evaluation of and utilisation of quality protein maize Zhong Dan 9409 in laying hen feed. MSC Thesis. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing.Google Scholar