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“I Trust You Will Detect My Intention”: The Strange Case of Watch and Ward

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2009

Lindsey Traub
Affiliation:
Studies in English, Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge CB3 0BU, England.

Extract

At the opening of a magnificent career in fiction, Henry James's first novel, Watch and Ward, has appeared gauche, bizarre and unaccountable. With its overtones of incest and paedophilia, it is hard to imagine what James can have been thinking of. Yet he wrote to Charles Eliot Norton, whose opinion he respected, apparently assuming that Norton would understand what he was trying to do. Perhaps a text offered with such optimism is not quite the anomaly it seems at first sight: it may in fact have been conceived within a context and in response to circumstances clear to its author but long since obscured.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

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References

1 Henry James Letters, ed. Edel, Leon (London: Macmillan, 19741984), vol. 1, 262Google Scholar.

2 Letters, I, 245.

3 “Saratoga,” The Nation, 11 08 1870, 11, 87–8Google Scholar.

4 “Newport”, The Nation, 15 09 1870, 11, 171–3Google Scholar.

5 Henry James: Novels 1871–1880, (New York: The Library of America, 1983), 13Google Scholar. Further references to this edition are given after quotations in the text. It is the most accessible edition of James's 1871 text, as published in The Atlantic Monthly. References to the revised text of 1878 are given separately.

6 Veeder, William, Henry James: The Lessons of The Master, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975), 109Google Scholar. Further references to this work are given after quotations in the text.

7 Finley, Martha Farquharson, Elsie Dinsmore (London, 1873), 203Google Scholar.

8 Henry James, Autobiography, ed. Dupee, Frederick W., (Princeton: Princeton University: Press, 1983), 385Google Scholar. The Atlantic Monthly was regular reading matter for most of the families in the James circle; so much so that Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. added this postscript to a stoical letter home from the Civil War in 1862, telling his mother about, his scurvy and dysentery: “Send me the Atlantic Monthly” (16 June 1862). Touched With Fire: Civil War Letters and Diary of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jnr, ed. de Wolfe Howe, Mark (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1946), 55CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

9 The Atlantic Monthly, Nov. 1860–Jan. 1861, 6 and 7, 544–71; 674–92; 9–27.

10 Atlantic, 7, 12.

11 James, Henry, Watch and Ward (1878 ed.) (New York: Grove Press 1979), 190Google Scholar.

12 Atlantic 5, pp. 271–88; 417–27, (278–9). Further quotations from this story refer to this volume of the Atlantic.

13 In 1930 Cornelia Kelley took James to task for the novel's artificiality, insisting that Watch and Ward is not an American novel, drawn from his own social experience and therefore “not a record of contemporary manners.” (The Early Development of Henry James ch. ix, 125). Leon Edel fixed on the sexual implications of the plot and imagery as clues to the young Henry James's inner life and concluded: “Watch and Ward is naive from beginning to end[…]It shows us the young James, at his writing desk, finding verbal release for much libidinal feeling that was later to be artfully disciplined”. Introduction to Grove Press Edition, (8–9). Oscar Cargill, in The Novels of Henry James, praises the “disguised daring” of the novel's sexual content, but does not enquire what it might be daring about. In his discussion of the novel, Alfred Habegger concludes that “the novel is saturated with [Roger's] helpless erotic need, represented with a directness which is neither daring nor decadent but, as Edel suggests, embarrassingly innocent.” Henry James and the ‘Woman Business’ (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 75Google Scholar.

14 Letter to Henry James Sr, 19 04 1878. Letters, II, 167Google Scholar.

15 Watch and Ward (revised edition of 1878), 191.

16 Preface to The Wings of the Dove, The New York Edition (London: Macmillan, 1909), xivGoogle Scholar.