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Soybean seed protein concentration is limited by nitrogen supply in tropical and subtropical environments in Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 March 2023

E. H. Figueiredo Moura da Silva Open the ORCID record for E. H. Figueiredo Moura da Silva [Opens in a new window] ,
N. Cafaro La Menza ,
G. G. Munareto ,
A. J. Zanon ,
K. Santos Carvalho  and
F. R. Marin
E. H. Figueiredo Moura da Silva*
Affiliation:
Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
N. Cafaro La Menza
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA
G. G. Munareto
Affiliation:
Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
A. J. Zanon
Affiliation:
Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
K. Santos Carvalho
Affiliation:
Federal Institute of Mato Grosso (IFMT), Sorriso, MT 78890-000, Brazil
F. R. Marin
Affiliation:
Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: E. H. Figueiredo Moura da Silva, E-mail: ehfmsilva@alumni.usp.br
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Abstract

Soybean production contributes to ca. 60% of global plant-based protein used for food and feed. Brazil is the largest soybean producer and exporter, with 60% from tropical and 40% from subtropical environments. Nitrogen (N) can play an essential role in the storage of proteins in seeds; thus, it could be a key factor in increasing the quantity and quality of seeds in high-yielding soybean crops. Unlike in temperate environments, there is a gap of knowledge on whether soybean grown under tropical and subtropical climates are limited by N-fertilization to sustain the seed yield increase without detriments in seed protein concentration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of N-fertilization on soybean seed yield, protein and oil concentrations in tropical and subtropical environments in Brazil, thus contributing to agricultural intensification procedures and food security studies. Two levels of N-fertilization (0 and 1000 ka/ha) were tested across 11 tropical or subtropical environments. The range of latitudes explored here was from 12°S to 29°S, representing the major soybean-producing regions in Brazil either under rainfed or irrigated conditions. We found that seed yield responses to N-fertilization were significant (in some environments under rainfed with an average increase of 7%) or not significant (in irrigated). Seed protein increases due to improved N-fertilization (on average 4% for irrigated and 12% for rainfed conditions) were much higher than previous reports from temperate environments. Regardless of N supply and water deficit, there was a trend of seed protein and oil concentration increasing toward lower latitudes.

Keywords

Irrigatedlatituderainfedseed qualitywater deficit
Type
Crops and Soils Research Paper
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 161 , Issue 2 , April 2023 , pp. 279 - 290
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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