Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8kt4b Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-07T02:42:33.678Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The exploitation of polyploidy in sugar-beet breeding

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

K. G. Hornsey
K. G. Hornsey
Affiliation:
Plant Breeding Institute, Cambridge
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Tetraploid lines were produced from colchicine treatments of European multigerm diploid material, and seeded in polycross plots. The same lines were crossed with European multigerm diploids to give anisoploid varieties, and also used as pollinators of American male-sterile diploids to yield monogerm and multigerm triploid varieties. Bigerm triploids were obtained from male-sterile hybrids heterozygous for the monogerm character, using European multigerm O-types in the grandparental generation. Double-cross monogerm triploids were obtained by crossing male-sterile diploids with non-equivalent O-types to provide male-sterile hybrids, and pollinating these with outbred tetraploids.

Results from 35 root-yield trials showed that the sugar yields of the anisoploids and triploids were similar to those of contemporary commercial varieties, but that outbred tetraploids were slightly, and inbred tetraploids considerably, less productive. Changes induced in characters other than root weight by chromosome-doubling of diploid material were sometimes important, but not consistent in magnitude or direction. It is suggested that these changes result from selection and random drift rather than the ploidy change.

A seed-yield trial demonstrated advantages of using hybrid seed-parents for triploid seed production. Problems of seed quality are discussed with particular reference to triploid varieties.

It is concluded that the main importance of multigerm anisoploid varieties was in their combination of good sugar yield with near-monogerm fruit clusters at a time when commercial monogerm varieties were deficient in yield; the chief value of triploidy lay in its application to the short-term improvement of genetic monogerm varieties. The development of monogerm anisoploids is considered unlikely; but some advantages of deriving monogerm triploid varieties from tetraploid seed-parents are indicated, and it is suggested that these may become increasingly important in the future.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 84 , Issue 3 , June 1975 , pp. 543 - 557
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abegg, F. A. (1940). The induction of polyploidy in Beta vulgaris L. by colchicine treatment. Proceedings. American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists (1940) 2, 118–19.Google Scholar
Artschwager, E. (1943). Colchicine-induced tetraploidy in sugar beets: morphological effects shown in progenies of a number of selections. Proceedings. American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists (1942) 3, 296–303.Google Scholar
Bormataû, U. Ya., Zagrėkava, V. M. & Semyarykhīna, S. Ya. (1969). Asablīvastsī prarastannya pylku dyploīdnykh ī tėtraploīdnykh tsukrovykh burakoû. Vestsī Akademii navuk, Belaruskai SSR Seryya Bīyalagīchnyckh Navuk (1969), no. 2, 46–9.Google Scholar
Bosemark, N. O. (1967 a). The effect of aneuploidy on yield in anisoploid sugar beet varieties. Journal of the International Institute for Sugar Beet Research 2, 145–61.Google Scholar
Bosemark, N. O. (1967 b). Genotypic competition in anisoploid sugar beet varieties. Hereditas 58, 111–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosemark, N. O. (1971). Haploids and homozygous diploids, triploids and tetraploids in sugar beet. Hereditas 69, 193–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crombie, B. & O'Connor, L. J. (1962). Polyploid sugar beet in Ireland. Compte rendu 25e Congrès d'Hiver. Institut International de Recherches Betteravières, pp. 379–87.Google Scholar
Dark, S. O. S. (1971). Experiments on the crosspollination of sugar beet in the field. Journal National Institute of Agricultural Botany 12, 242–66.Google Scholar
Decoux, L. & Weenen, A. (1962). Polyploid sugar beet seed: processed or genetic monogerm? Compte rendu 25e Congrès d'Hiver. Institut International de Recherches Betteravières, pp. 427–9.Google Scholar
Dexter, S. T., Frakes, M. G. & Snyder, F. W. (1967). A rapid and practical method of determining extractable white sugar as may be applied to the evaluation of agronomic practices and grower deliveries in the sugarbeet industry. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 14, 433–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunning, R. A. & Winder, G. H. (1965). Sugar beet seedling populations and protection from wireworm injury. Proceedings of the 3rd British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference, pp. 85–99.Google Scholar
Ellerton, S. (1958). Recent progress in breeding sugar beet. International Sugar Journal 60, 347–9.Google Scholar
Ernould, L. (1946). L'autopolyploïdie expérimentale chez la betterave. Cellule 50, 361–430.Google Scholar
Hecker, R. J., Stafford, R. E., Helmerick, R. H. & Maag, G. W. (1970). Comparison of the same sugar-beet F 1 hybrids as diploids, triploids and tetraploids. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 16, 106–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hornsey, K. G. (1973). The occurrence of hexaploid plants among autotetraploid populations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and the production of tetraploid progeny using a diploid pollinator. Caryologia 26, 225–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Immer, F. R. (1932). Size and shape of plot in relation to field experiments with sugar beets. Journal of Agricultural Research 44, 649–68.Google Scholar
Kinoshita, T. & Takahashi, M. (1969). Studies in polyploid varieties of sugar beets. XIV. Use of cytoplasmic male sterility in the production of triploid hybrids, and their performance in trials. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University 56, 171–86.Google Scholar
Kloen, D. & Speckmann, G. J. (1953). The creation of tetraploid beets. Euphytica 2, 187–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kloen, D. & Speckmann, G. J. (1959). The yielding capacity of tetraploid sugar and fodderbeets. Euphytica 8, 29–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knapp, E. & Laube, H. A. (1969). Über die Konkurrenzbeziehungen zwischen Diploiden, Triploiden und Tetraploiden und deren Einfluss auf die Leistungen einer anisoploiden Zuckerrübenpopulation. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenzüchtung 62, 105–28.Google Scholar
Kuzdowicz, A. (1958). Identyfikacja stopnia poliploidalności u buraka (Beta vulgaris L.) na podstawie liczby ujšč lagiewkowych pylku. Acta Societatis botanicorum Poloniae 27, 491–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Docte, A. (1927). Commercial determination of sugar in the beetroot. International Sugar Journal 29, 488–92.Google Scholar
Lichter, R. (1967). Konkurrenzbeziehungen zwischen eu- und aneuploiden Pflanzen in tetraploiden Zucker rübenpopulationen. Zucker 20, 351–5.Google Scholar
Longden, P. C., Scott, R. K. & Wood, D. W. (1974). Grading monogerm sugar-beet seed and its influence on performance. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 83, 125–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magassy, L. (1961). Adatok a poliploid Beta répák megtermékenyüléséhez és pollen vizsgálatához. Növénytermelés 10, 133–44.Google Scholar
Matsumura, S. & Mochizuki, A. (1953). Improvement of sugar beet by means of induced triploidy. Japanese Journal of Genetics 28, 47–56.Google Scholar
Maude, R. B., Vizor, A. S. & Shuring, C. G. (1969). The control of fungal seed-borne diseases by means of a thiram seed soak. Annals of Applied Biology 64, 245–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFarlane, J. S., Skoyen, I. O. & Lewellen, R. T. (1971). Performance of multigerm triploid sugarbeet hybrids when space planted. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 16, 577–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mochizuki, A. & Sueoka, N. (1955). Genetic studies on the number of plastids in stomata. I. Effects of autopolyploidy in sugarbeets. Cytologia 20, 358–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Negovskij, N. A. (1966). Stand und Perspektive der Züchtung und der Saatguterzeugung von polyploiden Zuckerrüben in der UdSSSR. Tagungsberichte. Deutsche Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften zu Berlin 73, 105–13.Google Scholar
Nielson, K., Quayle, D. & Bergeson, S. (1970). Comparison of sugarbeet single-cross hybrids with double cross hybrids for seed and root characteristics. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 15, 726–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, F. V. (1945). Cytoplasmically inherited male sterility in sugar beets. Journal of Agricultural Research 71, 423–40.Google Scholar
Owen, F. V. (1950). The sugar beet breeder's problem of establishing male-sterile populations for hybridization purposes. Proceedings. American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 6, 191–4.Google Scholar
Owen, F. V. (1952). Mendelian male sterility in sugar beets. Proceedings. American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 7, 371–6.Google Scholar
Rasmusson, J. & Levan, A. (1939). Tetraploid sugar beets from colchicine treatments. Hereditas 25, 97–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rommel, M. (1965). Cytogenetics of autotetraploid sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). I. Tetraploid varieties. Züchter 35, 219–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savitsky, V. F. (1954). Inheritance of the number of flowers in flower clusters of Beta vulgaris L. Proceedings. American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 8 (2), 3–15.Google Scholar
Savitsky, V. F. (1962). Sucrose and weight of root in tetraploid monogerm and multigerm sugar beet populations under different mating systems. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 11, 676–711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlösser, L. A. (1952). Polyploidie in der Zuckerrübenzüchtung. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Landwirtschaftsgesellschaft 67, 551–2.Google Scholar
Scott, R. K. & Longden, P. C. (1970). Pollen release by diploid and tetraploid sugar-beet plants. Annals of Applied Biology 66, 129–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sedlmayr, K. (1964). Monogerme Zuckerrüben, ihre Genetik, Züehtung und Bedeutung für den Zuckerrübenbau. Züchter 34, 45–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TeKrony, D. M. & Hardin, E. E. (1969). The problem of underdeveloped seeds occurring in monogerm sugarbeets. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 15, 625–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willey, L. A. (1963). Recent variety trials of sugar beet. Journal. National Institute of Agricultural Botany 9, 431–5.Google Scholar
Willey, L. A. (1966). Trials of commercial varieties of sugar beet. British Sugar Beet Review 34, 165–70.Google Scholar