Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-qlrfm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T11:33:18.202Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Co-ordination of stem elongation and Zadoks growth stages with leaf emergence in wheat and barley

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

E. J. M. Kirby ,
M. Appleyard  and
N. A. Simpson
E. J. M. Kirby
Affiliation:
147 Shelford Road, Cambridge CB2 2ND, UK
M. Appleyard
Affiliation:
Hyde Hall, Great Fransham, Dereham, Norfolk NR19 2HR, UK
N. A. Simpson
Affiliation:
ADAS, Chequers Court, Huntingdon PEI8 6LT, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Leaf emergence, apex development stage, internode length and Zadoks principal growth stage 3 were measured over 3 years at several sites.

Internode elongation and Zadoks score were strongly related to the number of emerged culm leaves. The final length of the most basal internode was very variable and contributed to variation in the relationship between Zadoks stage 30 and the number of emerged culm leaves. Variation in the length of the basal internode was related to the final number of culm leaves. Most plants had six culm leaves but the number of leaves was affected by sowing date. In an experiment where sowings were made from September to March, stem elongation and Zadoks stage 30 started at a later stage of apex development in later sowings.

Recognition and prediction of culm elongation and number of emerged culm leaves is important for the application of growth regulator and fungicides. Combined with functions to predict the rate of leaf emergence and final number of leaves, the relationships described in this paper may enable Zadoks principal growth stage 3 and number of emerged culm leaves to be predicted.

Type
Crops and Soils
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 122 , Issue 1 , February 1994 , pp. 21 - 29
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baker, C. K., Gallagher, J. N. & Monteith, J. L. (1980). Daylength change and leaf appearance in winter wheat. Plant, Cell and Environment 3, 285–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Couvreur, F., Ingoat, G. & Masse, J. (1980). Les stades du blé, Institut Technique des Cereales et des Fourrages, Paris.Google Scholar
Gallagher, J. N. (1979). Field studies of cereal leaf growth. I. Initiation and expansion in relation to temperature and ontogeny. Journal of Experimental Botany 30, 625–636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haun, J. R. (1973). Visual quantification of wheat development. Agronomy Journal 65, 116–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, J. L. & Allen, E. J. (1986). Development in barley (Hordeum sat hum). Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 107, 187–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M. (1988). Analysis of leaf, stem and ear growth in wheat from terminal spikelet stage to anthesis. Field Crops Research 18, 127–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M. (1992). A field study of the number of main shoot leaves in wheat in relation to vernalization and photoperiod. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 118, 271–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M. (1993). Effect of sowing depth on seedling emergence, growth and development in barley and wheat. Field Crops Research 35, 101–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M. & Appleyard, M. (1987). Cereal Development Guide. Stoneleigh: NAC Cereal Unit.Google Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M. & Faris, D. G. (1970). Plant population induced growth correlations in the barley plant main shoot and possible hormonal mechanisms. Journal of Experimental Botany 21, 787–798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M., Appleyard, M. & Fellowes, G. (1985). Leaf emergence and tillering in barley and wheat. Agronomie 5, 193–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malvoisin, P. (1984). Organogenèse et croissance du maitrebrin du blé tendre (Triticum aestivum) du semis à la floraison. II Controle des relations entre la croissance et la vascularisation de la tige et des feuilles. Essai de modelisation. Agronomie 4, 587–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tottman, D. R. (1977). The identification of growth stages in winter wheat with reference to the application of growth-regulator herbicides. Annals of Applied Biology 87, 213–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tottman, D. R. (1987). The decimal code for the growth stages of cereals, with illustrations. Annals of Applied Biology 110, 441–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tottman, D. R. & Makepeace, R. J. (1979). An explanation of the decimal code for the growth stages of cereals, with illustrations. Annals of Applied Biology 93, 221–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tottman, D. R., Appleyard, M. & Sylvester-Bradley, R. (1985). Cereal growth stages-stem extension and apical development. Aspects of Applied Biology 10, 401–413.Google Scholar
Zadoks, J. C., Chang, T. T. & Konzak, C. F. (1974). A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research 14, 415–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar