Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-19T06:59:19.620Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of supplementing a low–protein hay on the cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of sheep and on the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

N. O. Van Gylswyk
N. O. Van Gylswyk
Affiliation:
National Chemical Research Laboratory, South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

A study was made of the effects of supplementing low-protein teff (Eragrostis tef) hay with (a) protein (egg albumin), (b) urea and (c) urea plus C4 and C5 branched-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA) on the cellulolytic flora in the rumen of sheep conditioned to these diets and on the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose. Addition of urea, as opposed to no supplementation, increased voluntary hay intake and the percentage digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose, while counts of cellulolytic bacteria were not greatly affected. The proportion of ruminococci amongst the cellulolytic bacteria increased somewhat and that of the butyrivibrios decreased. When branched-chain VFA were added to the hay together with urea the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria per g rumen ingesta and the proportion of ruminococci increased over those for urea alone. This was accompanied by a further increase in voluntary hay intake. Percentage digestibilities of cellulose and hemicellulose were similar to those for the urea/hay diet. Supplementation with protein resulted in lower digestibility of α-cellulose and hemicellulose when compared with the urea-supplemented diets. The cellulolytic bacteria formed a lower percentage of the ‘total culturable’ counts than was the case for the other diets.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 74 , Issue 1 , February 1970 , pp. 169 - 180
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1970

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allison, M. J. (1965). Nutrition of rumen bacteria. In: Dougherty, R. W., Allen, R. S., Burroughs, W., Jacobsen, N. L. & McGilliard, A. D. (ed.), Physiology of Digestion in the Ruminant, 369–78. Washington: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Bonnichen, R. (1962). Äthanol, Bestimmung mit Alkohol Dehydrogenase und DPN. In: Bergmeyer, H. U. (ed.), Methoden der Enzymatischen Analyse. Weinheim, W. Germany: Verlag Chemie.Google Scholar
Brüggemann, J., Giesecke, D. & Drepper, K. (1962). Die Beeinflussung von Zusammensetzung und Leistung der Pansenflora durch Verabreichung unterschiedlicher Stickstoffquellen. Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernähr. Futtermittelk. 17, 162–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryant, M. P. & Burkey, L. A. (1953). Cultural methods and some characteristics of some of the more numerous groups of bacteria in the bovine rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 36, 205–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryant, M. P. & Doetsch, R. N. (1955). Factors necessary for the growth of Bacteroides succinogenes in the volatile acid fraction of rumen fluid. J. Dairy Sci. 38, 340–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryant, M. P. & Robinson, I. M. (1961 a). An improved non-selective culture medium for ruminal bacteria and its use in determining diurnal variation in numbers of bacteria in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 44, 1446–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryant, M. P. & Robinson, I. M. (1961 b). Studies on the nitrogen requirements of some ruminal cellulolytie bacteria. Appl. Microbiol. 9, 96–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bryant, M. P. & Small, N. (1956). The anaerobic monotricchous butyric acid-producing curved rod-shaped bacteria of the rumen. J. Bact. 72, 16–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bryant, M. P., Small, N., Bouma, C. & Robinson, I. M. (1958). Characteristics of ruminal anaerobic cellulolytic cocci and Cillobacterium cellulosolvens n.sp. J. Bact. 76, 529–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campling, R. C., Freer, M. & Balch, C. C. (1962). Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by cows. 3. The effect of urea on the voluntary intake of oat straw. Br. J. Nutr. 16, 115–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
El-Shazly, K. (1952 a). Degradation of protein in the rumen of the sheep. 1. Some volatile fatty acids, including branched-chain, found isomers, in vivo. Biochem. J. 51, 640–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Shazly, K. (1962 b). Degradation of protein in the rumen of the sheep. 2. The action of rumen microorganisms on amino acids. Biochem. J. 51, 647–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gänshirt, H., Waldi, D. & Stahl, E. (1965). Synthetic organic materials. In: Stahl, E. (ed.). Thin-layer chromatography, 344–71. London and New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilchrist, F. M. C. & Kistner, A. (1962). Bacteria of the ovine rumen. I. The composition of the population on a diet of poor teff hay. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 59, 77–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gouws, L. & Kistner, A. (1965). Bacteria of the ovine rumen IV. Effect of change of diet on the predominant types of cellulose-digesting bacteria. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 64, 51–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hungate, R. E. (1966). The rumen and its Microbes. New York and London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Jarvis, B. D. W. & Annison, E. F. (1967). Isolation, classification and nutritional requirements of cellulolytic cocci in the sheep rumen. J. gen. Microbiol. 47, 295–307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kistner, A. & Gouws, L. (1964). Cellulolytic cocci occurring in the rumen of sheep conditioned to lucerne hay. J. gen. Microbiol. 34, 447–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kistner, A., Gouws, L. & Gilchrist, F. M. C. (1962). Bacteria of the ovine rumen. II. The functional groups fermenting carbohydrates and lactate on a diet of lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 59, 85–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kock, S. G. & Kistner, A. (1969). Extent of solubilization of α-cellulose and hemicellulose of low-protein teff hay by pure cultures of cellulolytic rumen bacteria. J. gen. Microbiol. 55, 459–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrison, F. B. (1956). Feeds and Feeding, 22nd ed., Morrison Publ. Co., Ithaca, N. Y.Google Scholar
National Research Council Publ. 504 (1957). Nutrient requirements of domestic animals. No. V. Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. Nat. Acad. Sci., Washington D.C.Google Scholar
Shane, B. S. (1966). The predominant cellulolytic rumen bacteria of sheep fed low-protein teff hay. Ph.D. thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.Google Scholar
Wise, L. E., Murphy, M. & D'Addieco, A. A. (1946). Chlorite holocellulose, its fractionation and bearing on summative wood analysis and on studies on the hemicelluloses. Paper Trade J. 122, 35–43.Google Scholar