Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ttngx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T14:20:24.428Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Contemporary Arab Uprisings: Different Processes and Outcomes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2013

SEYED AMIR NIAKOOEE
SEYED AMIR NIAKOOEE*
Affiliation:
University of Guilanniakoee@gmail.com and niakooee@guilan.ac.ir
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Thus far, recent protests in the Arab world have led to different political outcomes including regime change, civil war, and suppression by regime. The present paper explores the reasons behind these different outcomes. The research methodology is a comparative case study approach, and five countries of Tunisia, Egypt, Bahrain, Libya, and Syria are examined. The hypothesis is that the different political outcomes of the protests are due to a combination of factors, including the level of mobilization of anti-regime movements, the responses of national militaries, and finally the reaction of international powers. Different configurations of these components in the crisis-stricken countries have led to different political outcomes.

Type
Research Article
Information
Japanese Journal of Political Science , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , September 2013 , pp. 421 - 445
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexander, Christopher (2011), ‘Suspicion and Strategy in Free Tunisia’, Foreign Policy, June, http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/06/20/suspicion-and-strategy-in-free-Tunisia.Google Scholar
Alexander, Christopher (2010), Tunisia: Stability and Reform in the Modern Maghreb, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Lisa (2011), ‘Demystifying the Arab Spring’, Foreign Affairs, May/June.Google Scholar
Aronson, Geoffery (2011), ‘How the Arab Spring Presages a Shifting World Order’, Foreign Policy, 17 May, http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/05/17/how-the-Arab-spring-presages-a-shifting-world-order.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Michael, Gutfraind, Alexander, and Kress, Moshe (2011), ‘When do Armed Revolts Succeed: Lessons from Lanchester Theory’, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 63: 1363–73, http://faculty.nps.edu/mkress/docs/ArmedRevolts_submitted.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayat, Asef (2011), ‘The Post-Islamist Revolutions’, Foreign Affairs, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67812/asef/-Bayat/the-post-islamist-revolutions.Google Scholar
Beinin, Joel and Vairel, Frederic (2011), Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Blaydes, Lisa (2011), Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak's Egypt, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Brownlee, Jason (2007), Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cooley, Alexander and Nexon, Daniel H. (2011), ‘Bahrain's Base Politics’, Foreign Affairs, 5 April, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67700/Alexander-cooley-and-daniel-h-nexon/bahrains-base-politics.Google Scholar
Dadush, Uriet al. (2011), ‘Middle East and North Africa In Turmoil: The Economic and Political Out Look’, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 9 May, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/0509_transcript_middleeasteconomy.pdf.Google Scholar
Dekmejian, R. Hrair (1995), Islam in Revolution: Fundamentalism in the Arab World, Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar
Gause, F. Gregory (2011), ‘Why Middle East Studies Missed the Arab Spring’, Foreign Affairs, July/August, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67932/f-gregory-gause-iii/why-middle-east-studies-missed-the-arab-spring.Google Scholar
Gengler, Justin (2011), ‘How Radical are Bahrain's Shia?’, Foreign Affairs, 15 May, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67855/justin-gengler/how-radical-are-Bahrains-Shia.Google Scholar
Goldstone, Jack A. (2011), ‘Understanding the Revolutions of 2011’, Foreign Affairs, May/June, www.foreignaffair.com/articles/67694/Jack-a-goldston/understanding-the-revolution-2011.Google Scholar
Hashim, Ahmed (2011), ‘The Egyptian Military, Part Two: From Mubarak Onward’, Middle East Policy, 18 (3): 63–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heydemann, Stevan (2007), ‘Upgrading Authoritarianism in the Arab World’, The Saban Center for Middle East Policy, The Brookings Institution, www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2007/10/arabworld/10arabworld.pdf.Google Scholar
King, Stephan J. (2009), The New Authoritarianism in the Middle East and North Africa, Indian University Presss.Google Scholar
Lacher, Wolfram (2011), ‘Families, Tribes and Cities in the Libyan Revolution’, Middle East Policy, 18 (4): 140–54.Google Scholar
Levitsky, Stephan and Way, Lucan A. (2010), Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybride Regimes after the Cold War, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linz, Juan J. and Stephan, Alfred (1996), Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Lutterbeck, Derek (2011), Arab Uprisings and Armed Forces: Between Openness and Resistance, The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, www.dcaf.ch/content/download/45661/. . ./SSR_PAPER2_Binder.pdf.Google Scholar
Lynch, Marc (2011a), Tunisia's new Al-Nahda. Foreign Policy, 29 June, http://lynch.Foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/06/29/Tunisi-new-Al-Nahda.Google Scholar
Lynch, Marc (2011b), ‘America and Egypt after the Uprisings’, Survival, 53 (2): 31–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osman, Tarek (2010), Egypt on the Brink from Nasser to Mubarak, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Parsons, William and Taylor, William (2011), Arbiters of Social Unrest: Military Responses to the Arab Spring, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA562816.Google Scholar
Penner Angrist, Michele (2011), ‘Morning in Tunisia’, Foreign Affairs, 16 January, www.foreignaffairs.com/articies/67321/michell-penner-angrist/morning-in-tunisia.Google Scholar
Porat, Liad (2010), ‘The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood and the Assad Regime’, Middle East Brief, December, Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Brandeis University, www.brandeis.edu/crown/publications/meb/MEB47.pdf.Google Scholar
Rabinovich, Itmar (2011), ‘Israel's Dilemma in Damascus’, Foreign Affairs, 10 April, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67721/itamar-rabinovich/israels-dillema-in-damascus.Google Scholar
Ruthven, Malise (2011), ‘Storm over Syria’, Foreign Policy, 16 May, http://Mideast.Foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/05/16.Google Scholar
Rivline, Paule (2011), ‘The Socio-Economic Crisis in Syria’, Tal Fuchs, 1 (3) (June), www.dayan.org/pdfim/Iqtisadi_3_June_2011_eng.pdf.Google Scholar
Skocpol, Theda (1979), States and Social Revolutions, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates (2011), ‘What next for Bahrain?’, Foreign Policy, 6 June, http://Mideast.Foreignpolicy.Com/posts/2011/06/06/what-next-for-bahrain.Google Scholar
Wright, Steven (2008), ‘Fixing the Kingdom: Political Evolution and Socio-Economic Challenges in Bahrain’, Center for International and Regional Studies, Georgetown University, School of Foreign Service in Qatar.Google Scholar