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CITTADINANZA DIFFERENZIATA E INTEGRAZIONE MULTICULTURALE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Matteo Gianni

Introduzione

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Dopo un lungo periodo di disinteresse, i teorici della politica ricominciano a considerare seriamente il ruolo che le minoranze culturali esercitano sul funzionamento e la legittimità normativa dei sistemi democratici. Le società liberali sono caratterizzate da tensioni politiche e sociali profonde, che rischiano di paralizzarne il funzionamento e di rimetterne in causa la stabilità. Come afferma un eminente filosofo liberale «dar risposta a tali questioni costituisce probabilmente la sfida più grande che oggi le democrazie si trovano a fronteggiare» (Kymlicka 1995b, 1). Se tutti concordano sull'idea che il problema è serio, le soluzioni proposte sono molto diverse. Ciò non deve sorprendere visto che i rimedi avanzati dipendono in larga misura dalla maniera in cui il problema da risolvere viene interpretato e costruito analiticamente.

Summary

Summary

One of the most controversial question liberal democracies are facing today concerns the way they politically integrate groups (ethnic, national, or social) which claim the political recognition of their cultural identity. According to the liberal model, the attribution of individual citizenship's rights is the best way to realize political integration. In opposition to this view, this paper argues that the notion of differentiated citinzenship can open up some interesting insights for approaching and resolving this problem. Multicultural societies face deep conflicts of recognition between actors advocating different (and often conflictual) loyalties. These dynamics call into question the liberal ideal of citizenship as the neutral attribution of a common and legal status. In this perspective, the recognition of formal equality of all citizens is the mean to promote self-respect and self-esteem among all citizens. This view is partially misleading. In some cases, it is not through the reaffirmation of equal recognition that it is possible to reintegrate marginalized cultural groups. Sometimes, political recognition (namely some forms of cultural rights) of differences among citizens represents an important step to improve the self respect of members of such groups. Respect and self-respect are crucial preconditions to realize a fair citizenship. And only a fair citizenship can support a genuine and legitimate representative democracy in culturally divided societies.

Type
Saggi
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 27 , Issue 3 , December 1997 , pp. 495 - 518
Copyright
Copyright © Societ Italiana di Scienza Politica 

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