Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-g5fl4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-30T03:11:45.876Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Noradrenaline: The forgotten neurotransmitter

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 June 2014

Christopher B Kelly  and
Stephen J Cooper
Stephen J Cooper
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Editorial
Information
Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , March 2001 , pp. 3 - 4
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2001

References

1.Bunney, WE, Davis, JM. Norepinephrine in depressive reactions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965; 13:483–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Cowen, PJ, Wood, AJ. Biological markers of depression. Psychol Med 1991; 21: 831–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Nesse, RM. Is depression an adaptation. Arch Gen Psychiat 2000; 57: 14–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Scott, J. Prevention of depression: psychological and social measures. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 1995; 1: 94–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Coull, MA, Lowther, S, Katona, CLE, Horton, RW. Altered brain protein kinase C in depression: a post mortem study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2000; 10:283–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Veening, JG, Coolen, LM, Spooren, WJet al.Patterns of c-fos expression induced by fluvoxamine are different after acute versus chronic oral administration. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1998; 8:213–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Sargent, PA, Kjaer, KH, Bench, CJet al.Brain serotonin 1A receptor binding measured by positron emission tomography with [11C] WAY-100635: effects of depression and antidepressant treatment. Arch Gen Psychiat 2000; 57; 174–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Esler, MD, Lambert, GW, Ferrer, Cet al.Central nervous system noradrenergic control of sympathetic outflow in normotensive and hypertensive humans. Clin Exp Hypertens 1995; 17: 409–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Roy, A, Pickar, D, De Jong, Jet al.Norepinephrine and its metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and urine. Relationship to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in depression. Arch Gen Psychiat 1988; 45: 849–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Ziegler, MG, Lake, CR, Wood, JH, Brooks, BR, Ebert, MH. Relationship between norepinephrine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in the presence of a blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier for norepinephrine. J Neurochem 1977; 28: 677–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Fillenz, M. Noradrenergic neurons 1st Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1990; 206–28.Google Scholar
12.Brady, LS. Stress, antidepressant drugs and the locus coeruleus. Brain Res Bull 1994; 35: 545–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Kelly, CB, Cooper, SJ. Differences and variability in plasma noradrenaline between depressive and anxiety disorders. J Psychopharmacol 1998; 12: 161–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Kelly, CB, Cooper, SJ. Plasma noradrenaline response to electroconvulsive therapy in depressive illness. Br J Psychiat 1997; 171: 182–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Werstiuk, ES, Coote, M, Griffith, L, Shannon, H, Steiner, M. Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on peripheral adrenoceptors, plasma noradrenaline, MHPG and Cortisol in depressed patients. Br J Psychiat 1996; 169: 758–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Johnston, TG, Kelly, CB, Stevenson, MR, Cooper, SJ. Plasma norepinephrine and prediction of outcome in major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiat 1999; 46: 1253–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Fava, GA, Munari, F, Pavan, L, Kellner, R. Life events and depression. A replication J Affect Disord 1981; 3: 159–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Kelly, CB, Cooper, SJ. Plasma norepinephrine response to a cold pressor test in subtypes of depressive illness. Psychiatry Res 1998; 81: 39–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Anisman, H, Zacharko, RM. Depression: the predisposing influence of stress. Behav Brain Sci 1982; 5: 89–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Maes, M, Vandewoude, M, Schotte, C, Blockx, P. Positive relationship between the catecholaminergic turnover and the DST results in depression. Psychol Med 1990; 20: 493–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Checkley, SA, Glass, IB, Thompson, C, Corn, T, Robinson, P. The GH response to clonidine in endogenous as compared with reactive depression. Psychol Med 1984; 14: 773–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Lambert, G, Johansson, M, Agren, H, Friberg, P. Reduced brain norepinephrine and dopamine release in treatment – refractory depressive illness: evidence in support of the catecholomine hypothesis of mood disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 787–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Danish University Antidepressant Group. Paroxetine a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor showing better tolerance but weaker antidepressant effect than clomipramine in a controlled multicentre study. J Affect Disord 1990; 18: 289–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Roose, SP, Glassman, AH, Attia, E, Woodring, S. Comparative efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclics in the treatment of melancholia. Am J Psychiat 1994; 151: 1735–9.Google ScholarPubMed
25.Anderson, IM. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors versus tricyclic antidepressants: a meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability. J Affect Disord 2000; 58: 19–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Davis, R, Wilde, MI. Mirtazepine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in the management of major depression. CNS Drugs 1996; 5: 389–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Harvey, AT, Rudolph, RL, Preskorn, SH. Evidence of the dual mechanisms of action of venlafaxine. Arch Gen Psychiat 2000; 57: 503–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed