¹ A history of the thirty years’ peace (London, 1878), p. 247.

² Speech of Samuel Blackburn at the Covent Garden meeting, 14 Apr. 1845, in Proceedings of the anti-Maynooth conference of 1845, ed. Thelwall, A.S. (London, 1845), p. xlvii.Google Scholar This work will hereinafter be cited as Proceedings.

³ Stephens, W.R.W., The life and letters of Walter Farquhar Hook (London, third ed., 1879), 2, p. 237.Google Scholar

⁴ Blackburn, John, The Maynooth grant: facts and observations relating to the popish college of St Patrick (London, 1845), p. 14.Google Scholar

⁵ Gladstone, W E., A chapter of autobiography (London, 1868), p. 28.Google Scholar

⁶ Ibid., p. 30.

⁷ Purcell, E.S., Life of Cardinal Manning (London, 1895), 1 300.Google Scholar

⁸ Correspondence on church and religion of William Ewart Gladstone, ed. Lathbury, D.C. (London, 1910), 2, 67.Google Scholar

⁹ Ibid., p. 68.

¹⁰ Hansard 3, lxxvii. 78.

¹¹ Ibid., 83.

¹² Stephens, , The Ufe and letters of W. F. Hook, 2. 237.Google Scholar

¹³ The endowment of Maynooth: a speech of the Rev. William Brock at a public meeting at Yarmouth, April 9, 1845 (Norwich, 1845), p. 4.

¹⁴ For comment on this extraordinary fact, see Machin, G.I.T, The Catholic question in English politics, 1820–1830 (Oxford, 1964), p. 8.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Hogan, JF, ‘ Maynooth in the British parliament ’ in Irish Ecclesiastical Record, 1909, vol. B., p. 492.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Ibid., 1910, vol. A., p. 58.

¹⁷ Healy, John, Maynooth College, its centenary history (Dublin, 1895), p. 406.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Nowlan, Kevin B., The politics of repeal: a study in the relations between Great Britain and Ireland, 1841–50 (London, 1965), p. 31.Google Scholar Many of the protestant opponents of the Maynooth bill in 1845 also urged the necessity of a prior commission to examine the teachings of the college and the allegations of disloyalty.

¹⁹ Ibid., p. 63.

²⁰ The letters of the Most Reverend John MacHale, D.D. (Dublin, 1847), letter civ, to the clergy and faithful of Tuam, p. 580.

²¹ Healy, op. cit., pp. 408–10.

²² A few catholic laymen were, however, asked for their opinions. Anthony Blake, a catholic commissioner under the bequest act, was one. See McDowell, R.B., Public opinion and government policy in Ireland, 1801–46 (London, 1952), p. 219.Google Scholar

²³ Hansard 3, Ixxix. 657.

²⁴ Proceedings, p. vii.

²⁵ Ibid.

²⁶ ‘ The protestant feeling of the country was already at work before any public steps had been taken in the metropolis ’—Rev. A. S. Thelwall, in his introduction to the Proceedings of the anti-Maynooth conference, p. x.

²⁷ Hansard 3, lxxviii. 1148.

²⁸ Ibid., 1149.

²⁹ Proceedings, p. xv.

³⁰ Ibid., p. xvii.

³¹ Ibid., p. xviii.

³² Hansard 3, lxxix. 33.

³³ Proceedings, p. xxviii.

³⁴ The act, as passed, is printed in the appendix of Healy’s Maynooth College.

³⁵ Proceedings, p. xxxi.

³⁶ Proceedings, p. xlii. He declared also that the effect of the education given at Maynooth ’ was to make the priests popish to the backbone ’. Since the college was intended for the training of catholic clergy, this can hardly have been surprising.

³⁸ Proceedings, p. xii.

³⁹ Hansard 3, lxxix. 1365. Poor Brougham was taken to task for his further remark that there were bad things to be read in Calvin’s works as well as in those of Aquinas. Rev. John Gumming, of the Church of Scotland, in picking up Brougham’s observation at an Exeter Hall meeting on 4 June 1845, hotly contended for the difference between Calvin and Aquinas : ‘ the contrast between them is just the contrast between liberty and slavery, between truth and a lie, between love and bloodshed, between light and darkness, between heaven and hell ’ (Proceedings, p. clxi).

⁴⁰ Hansard 3, lxxix. 94.

⁴¹ England towards Ireland (London, 1845), p. 312.

⁴² Also published anonymously, London, 1845, p. 12.

⁴³ Congregational Magazine, April 1845.

⁴⁴ ‘ The subject of endowing the Roman Catholic clergy was much discussed throughout the country at this time. … The proposal of an increased grant to Maynooth was regarded by many as a first step towards the object ’ (A history of the thirty years’ peace, London, 1878, p. 245).

⁴⁵ Proceedings, p. xii.

⁴⁶ Ibid., p. xiii.

⁴⁷ Hansard 3, lxxix. 37.

⁴⁸ Ibid., 1020.

⁴⁹ Ibid., 1036.

⁵⁰ Ibid, p. 559.

⁵¹ Journal des Débats, 14 Apr. 1845.

⁵² Correspondence on church and religion of W. E. Gladstone, ed. Lathbury, D.G. (London, 1910), 1. 67.Google Scholar

⁵³ Letter to Hook, W.F., 16 Apr. 1845, in Stephens, , The life and letters of Walter Farquhar Hook, 2. 237.Google Scholar

⁵⁴ Ashwell, A.R., Life of Samuel Wilberforce (London, 1880), 1. 265.Google Scholar

⁵⁵ Correspondence of W. E. Gladstone, ed. Lathbury, D.G., 1. 72.Google Scholar ‘ You will perceive that much of what I have said here is not fit to be said in public,’ he cautioned Newman.

⁵⁶ Purcell, , Life of Cardinal Manning, 1. 301 :Google Scholar letter to Manning, 26 Apr. 1845.

⁵⁷ The state in its relations with the church (London, 1838), p. 73.

⁵⁸ Hansard 3, lxxix. 838.

⁵⁹ Ibid, 33.

⁶⁰ Ibid, 1010.

⁶¹ Manning, B.L., The protestant dissenting deputies (Cambridge, 1952), p. 446.Google Scholar

⁶² Stowell, Hugh, The proposed endowment of Maynooth (London, 1845), p. 19.Google Scholar

⁶³ Proceedings, p. 88.

⁶⁴ Smith, G.E., Maynooth: a letter to Daniel O’Connell Esq^r, M.P., (London, 1845), p. 5.Google Scholar

⁶⁵ Led by Miall, Edward, editor of the Nonconformist (founded 1841),Google Scholar who also had strong Chartist sympathies, and helped to found the Complete Suffrage Union in 1841. He was later to take a leading part, both as a parliamentarian and as a propagandist, in the movement for the disestablishment of the Irish church (1869). In 1853, the Anti-State Church Association transformed itself into that most powerful of dissenting pressures, the Liberation Society.

⁶⁶ Hansard 3, lxxix. 501 ff.

⁶⁷ Proceedings, p. xxxiii.

⁶⁸ The Record, 14 Apr. 1845.

⁶⁹ Hansard 3, lxxix. 521.

⁷⁰ Stephens, op. cit., ii. 236.

⁷¹ Lincoln County Archives, Kaye Papers, Β 5/1/23.

⁷² Proceedings, p. xlvii.

⁷³ Ibid., p. xlviii.

⁷⁴ The tetters of Queen Victoria, ed. Benson, and Esher, , first series (London, 1908), 2. 36.Google Scholar

⁷⁵ Church principles and church measures (London, 1845), p. 61

⁷⁶ Proceedings, p. xcv : comment by A. S. Thelwall

⁷⁷ Ibid, p. Ixxiii.

⁷⁸ Ibid, p. lxxv.

⁷⁹ Hansard 3, lxxix. 1124.

⁸⁰ Ibid, 820. See also Trevelyan, G.M., The life of John Bright (London, 1913), pp. 160–2.Google Scholar

⁸² Proceedings, p. lii.

⁸³ See, for example, the speech of Stowell at the conference (Proceedings, p. 18).

⁸⁴ Manning, , The protestant dissenting deputies, p. 445.Google Scholar

⁸⁵ Proceedings, p. ci (footnote).

⁸⁶ Ibid, pp. xcvii, 42.

⁸⁷ Ibid, p. 2.

⁸⁸ Ibid, p. 40.

⁸⁹ Ibid, p. 41.

⁹⁰ Ibid, p. 43.

⁹¹ Ibid, p. 48.

⁹² Ibid., p. 62.

⁹³ Ibid, p. xcix.

⁹⁴ Manning, op. cit., p. 446.

⁹⁵ Proceedings, p. 127.

⁹⁶ Ibid, pp. 138–9. His letter was written on the 26 April, before the conference had met. At a meeting to welcome the conference delegates, on the 1 May, Thomas Guthrie, a Free Church minister from Edinburgh, execrated Sir Robert Peel as ‘ the father of the disruption of the Church of Scotland ’ (Proceedings, p. 194).

⁹⁷ Ibid, p. 141.

⁹⁸ Hansard 3, lxxx. 521.

⁹⁹ Proceedings, p. cii.

¹⁰⁰ Ibid.

¹⁰¹ Blackburn, John, The three conferences held by the opponents of the Maynooth College endowment bill, in London and Dublin, during the months of May and June, 1845 (London, 1845), p. 19.Google Scholar

¹⁰² Ibid, p. 66.

¹⁰³ Ibid, p. 64. At the Crosby Hall discussions, Rev J. M. Hinton went so far as to say that he would not necessarily vote for parliamentary candidates pledged to disestablishment, because such men might also be Chartists. This caused an uproar, and it is true that Chartist sympathy did run fairly high at Crosby Hall. But then it was far from absent, at a local level, from the supporters of the Exeter Hall party.

¹⁰⁴ Proceedings, p. cxxix.

¹⁰⁵ Ibid, p. cxxxviii.

¹⁰⁶ Pureed, Life of Cardinal Manning, 1. 300.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁷ Hansard 3, lxxx. 1166.

¹⁰⁸ Ibid, lxxxi. 37.

¹⁰⁹ Proceedings, p. 173.

¹¹⁰ Ibid, p. cxxvi.

¹¹¹ Ibid, p. clxxxviii.