Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-wxhwt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T23:28:30.392Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Nimrud bowls: New data from an analysis of the objects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2014

Francesca Onnis*
Affiliation:
Université Lyon2 — Archéorient (UMR 5133), Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 7 rue Raulin, 69007 Lyon, France, francesca.onnis@mom.fr

Abstract

The metal vessels known as the “Nimrud bowls” were discovered in the North-West Palace at Nimrud. Despite their clear archaeological context, the style and the iconographic themes of their decoration clearly betray that they are not the work of Assyrian craftsmen. Traditionally, they have been connected to the so-called “Phoenician bowls”. Today, a more general Levantine origin for the Nimrud bowls is proposed, although it has hitherto not been possible to determine their exact provenance. A review of the Nimrud bowls focusing specifically on their shape and decoration techniques provides new hints, hopefully contributing to a better understanding of the manufacture and function of these vessels. Furthermore, some characteristics shared by these vessels highlight the unity and homogeneity of the cluster and help to identify the manufacturers.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute for the Study of Iraq 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aubet, M. E., 1971: Cuencos fenicios de Praeneste, Santiago de Compostela.Google Scholar
Barnett, R. D., 1935: “The Nimrud Ivories and the Art of the Phoenicians”, Iraq 2, pp. 179210.Google Scholar
Barnett, R. D. 1967: “Layard's Bronzes and their Inscriptions”, Eretz Israel 8, pp. 17.Google Scholar
Barnett, R. D. 1969: “A New Inscribed Lydian Seal”, Athenaeum n.s. 47, pp. 21–4.Google Scholar
Barnett, R. D. 1974: “The Nimrud Bowls in the British Museum”, Rivista di Studi Fenici 2, pp. 1134.Google Scholar
Barnett, R. D. and Werner, A. E. A., 19671968: “A New Technique for Revealing Decoration in Corroded Ancient Bronze Work”, British Museum Quarterly 32, pp. 144–7.Google Scholar
Borel, B., 1978: Attisch geometrischen Schalen, Mainz am Rheim.Google Scholar
Contenau, G., 19271947: Manuel d'archéologie orientale, III, Paris.Google Scholar
Culican, W., 1970: “Coupes à décor phénicien provenant d'Iran”, Syria 47, pp. 6576.Google Scholar
Curtis, J. E., 1988: “Assyria as a Bronzeworking Centre in the Late Assyrian Period”, in Curtis, J. (ed.), Bronzeworking Centres of Western Asia c. 1000–539 B.C., London and New York, pp. 8295.Google Scholar
Curtis, J. E. and Reade, J. E., 1995: Art and Empire. Treasures from Assyria in the British Museum, London (exhibition catalogue).Google Scholar
Dumont, A. and Chaplain, J., 1888: Les céramiques de la Grèce propre, Paris.Google Scholar
Dussaud, R., 1914: Les civilisations préhelléniques dans le bassin de la Mer Egée, Paris.Google Scholar
Falsone, G., 1987: “La coupe phénicienne de Fortetsa, Crète: une reconsidération”, in Lipiński, E. (ed.), Studia Phoenicia V. Phoenicia and the East in the First Millennium B. C: Proceedings of the Conference held in Leuven from the 14th to the 16th of November 1985, Leuven, pp. 181–94.Google Scholar
Falsone, G., 1988: “La Fenicia come centro di lavorazione del bronzo nell'età del Ferro”, Dialoghi di Archeologia III s. 6, pp. 79110.Google Scholar
Falsone, G., 1992: “Nuove coppe metalliche di fattura orientale”, Vicino Oriente 8, pp. 83112.Google Scholar
Falsone, G., 1995: “Arts des métaux. La toreutique. Les coupes”, in Krings, V., La civilisation phénicienne et punique. Manuel de recherche, Leiden, New York and Cologne, pp. 426–32.Google Scholar
Feldman, M., 2005: Diplomacy by Design: Luxury Arts and an “International Style” in the Ancient Near East, 1400–1200 BCE, Chicago.Google Scholar
Frankfort, H., 1954: The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient, London.Google Scholar
Gjerstad, E., 1946: “Decorated Metal Bowls from Cyprus”, Opuscolo Archaeologica 4, pp. 118.Google Scholar
Gjerstad, E. 1972: “Additions and corrections”, in Praktikon tou Protou Diethnos Kuprologikou Sunedriou, Vol. A′, Leukosia, pp. 61–7.Google Scholar
Hughes, M. J., Lang, J. R. S. and Leese, M. N., 1988: “The Evidence of Scientific Analysis: A Case Study of the Nimrud Bowls”, in Curtis, J. (ed.), Bronzeworking Centres of Western Asia c. 1000–539 B.C., London and New York, pp. 2532.Google Scholar
Imai, A., 1977: Some Aspects of “Phoenician Bowls”, with Special Reference to the Proto-Cypriote Class and the Cypro-Phoenician Class, New York.Google Scholar
Layard, A. H., 1853: Monuments of Nineveh. Including Bas-Reliefs from the Palace of Sennacherib and Bronzes from Nimrud, from Drawings Made on the Spot during a Second Expedition to Assyria, Second Series, London.Google Scholar
Layard, A. H., 1853a: Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, London.Google Scholar
Lowery, P. R, Savage, R. D. A. and Wilkins, R. A. 1971: “Scriber, Graver, Scorer, Tracer: Notes on experiments in bronzeworking techniques”, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 37, pp. 167–82.Google Scholar
Mallowan, M. E. L., 1954: “The excavations at Nimrud (Kalhu), 1953”, Iraq 16, pp. 59163.Google Scholar
Markoe, G., 1985: Phoenician Bronze and Silver Bowls from Cyprus and the Mediterranean, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Matthäus, H., 1985: Metallgefässe und Gefässundersätze der Bronzezeit, der geometrischen und archaischen Periode auf Cypern. Mit einem Anhang der Bronzezeitlichen Schwertfunde auf Cypern, Bonn and Munich.Google Scholar
Moscati, S., 1988: “Le coppe metalliche”, in Moscati, S. (ed.), I Fenici, Milan, pp. 436–47.Google Scholar
Neri, D., 2000: Le coppe fenicie della Tomba Bernardini nel Museo di Villa Giulia, La Spezia.Google Scholar
Perrot, G. and Chipiez, C., 18821911, Histoire de l'art dans l'antiquìtè II, Paris.Google Scholar
Perrot, G. and Chipiez, C., 18821911, Histoire de l'art dans l'antiquité III, Paris.Google Scholar
Poulsen, Fr., 1912: Der Orient und die frühgriechische Kunst, Leipzig-Berlin.Google Scholar
Rathje, A., 1980: “Silver Relief Bowls from Italy”, Analecta Romana Instituti Donici 9, pp. 747;Google Scholar
Schaeffer, Cl., 1949: Ugaritica II, Paris.Google Scholar
Strøm, I., 1971: Problems Concerning the Origin and Early Development of the Etruscan Orientalizing Style, Odense.Google Scholar
von Bissing, F., 1898: “Eine Bronzeschale mykenischer Zeit”, Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 13, pp. 2835.Google Scholar
von Bissing, F., 19231924: “Untersuchungen über die ‘phoinikischen’ Metallschalen”, Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 38–9, pp. 180241.Google Scholar