1 Barbara, Joanna Santa, “Impact of War on Children and Imperative to End War”, Croatian Medical Journal, Vol. 47, No. 6, 2006Google Scholar; see, also, Save the Children, “What is the Impact of Conflict on Children?”, available at: www.savethechildren.org/us/charity-stories/impact-of-syria-conflict-children-mental-health (all internet references were accessed in October 2022).

2 See, for example, Save the Children, ibid. See, also, Smith, Deborah, “Children in the Heat of War”, Monitor on Psychology, Vol. 32, No. 8, 2001Google Scholar.

3 See, for example, Human Rights Watch, “Cameroon: People with Disabilities Caught in Crisis”, 5 August 2019, available at: www.hrw.org/news/2019/08/05/cameroon-people-disabilities-caught-crisis; Human Rights Watch, “Central African Republic: People with Disabilities Left Behind”, 28 April 2015, available at: www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/28/central-african-republic-people-disabilities-left-behind; Human Rights Watch, “Central African Republic: People with Disabilities at High Risk”, 21 June 2017, available at: www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/21/central-african-republic-people-disabilities-high-risk; Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, 8 September 2022, available at: www.hrw.org/report/2022/09/08/it-was-really-hard-protect-myself/impact-armed-conflict-syria-children.

4 See, for example, Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, ibid.

5 Ibid., pp. 37–41. See, also, Human Rights Watch, “UN: High Risk in Conflicts for Children with Disabilities”, 2 February 2022, available at: www.hrw.org/news/2022/02/02/un-high-risk-conflicts-children-disabilities.

6 Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, above note 3, pp. 28–31; Human Rights Watch, “UN: High Risk in Conflicts for Children with Disabilities”, ibid. See, also, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), “Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergencies”, as updated 3 September 2020, available at: www.unicef.org/protection/mental-health-psychosocial-support-in-emergencies.

7 The World Bank, “Disability Inclusion”, 14 April 2022, available at: www.worldbank.org/en/topic/disability.

8 United Nations Humanitarian Needs Assessment Programme (HNAP) Syria, “Disability in Syria: Investigation on the Intersectional Impacts of Gender, Age and a Decade of Conflict on Persons with Disabilities”, p. 4, available at: www.hi-deutschland-projekte.de/lnob/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/09/hnap-disability-in-syria-investigation-on-intersectional-impacts-2021.pdf.

9 For more, see UN Human Rights, Office of the High Commissioner, International Legal Protection of Human Rights in Armed Conflict, New York and Geneva, 2011, available at: https://globalprotectioncluster.org/old/_assets/files/tools_and_guidance/human_rights_protection/OHCHR_Int_Legal_Protection_HR_Armed_Conflict_2011-EN.pdf.

10 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), General Assembly Resolution 44/25, Annex, 44 UN GAOR Supp. (No. 49) at 167, UN Doc. A/44/49 (1989), 20 November 1989 (entered into force 2 September 1990), Arts 2 and 23.

11 Ibid., Arts 38(1) and 38(4).

12 See, for example, International Criminal Court Statute, Article 8(2)(e)(i) which sets out that “intentionally directing attacks against the civilian population as such or against individual civilians not taking direct part in hostilities” is a war crime in non-international armed conflicts.

13 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), General Assembly Resolution 61/106, Annex I, UN GAOR, 61st Session, Supp. (No. 49) at 65, UN Doc. A/61/49 (2006), 13 December 2006 (entered into force 3 May 2008), Arts 7, 11 and 25.

14 Ibid., Art. 11.

15 Lubell, Noam, “Human Rights Obligations in Military Occupation”, International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 94, No. 885, 2012, p. 319CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

16 Geneva Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949, 75 UNTS 287 (entered into force 21 October 1950).

17 Protocol Additional (I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, 1125 UNTS 3, 8 June 1977 (entered into force 7 December 1978) (AP I), Art. 52.

18 AP I, Art. 77. For more, see ICRC, Commentary of 1987, Protection of Children, available at: https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Comment.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=8E174BC1926F72FAC12563CD00436C73#:~:text=Children%20shall%20be%20protected%20against%20any%20form%20of%20indecent%20assault.

19 For more, see Plattner, Denise, “Protection of Children in International Humanitarian Law”, International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 24, No. 240, 1984CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

20 The obligation to give effective advance warning prior to an attack which may affect the civilian population is a rule of customary international law. It is codified in AP I, Art. 57(2)(c).

21 UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Thematic Study on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities under Article 11 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, on Situations of Risk and Humanitarian Emergencies, UN Doc. A/HRC/31/30, 30 November 2015, para. 42, available at: www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/report-rights-persons-disabilities-under-article-11-crpd-relating-situations-risk.

22 Ibid.

23 Human Rights Council, Report of the United Nations Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict, UN Doc. A/HRC/12/48, 25 September 2009, para. 530. See also Alice Priddy, Disability and Armed Conflict, Geneva Academy Briefing No. 14, April 2019, pp. 63–4, available at: www.geneva-academy.ch/joomlatools-files/docman-files/Academy%20Briefing%2014-interactif.pdf.

24 UN Human Rights Council, above note 21.

25 Ibid., para. 3.

26 Ibid., para. 4.

27 UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, General Comment No. 6 (2018) on Equality and Non-Discrimination, UN Doc. CRPD/C/GC/6*, 26 April 2018, para. 43, available at: www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/general-comment-no6-equality-and-non-discrimination.

28 Conference of States Parties to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Protecting the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Armed Conflict and Humanitarian Emergencies, UN Doc. CRPD/CSP/2021/2, 30 March 2021, paras 6 and 11, available at: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3921479.

29 Ibid., paras 17, 26 and 33.

30 Ibid., para. 95; and UN General Assembly, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Gerard Quinn, Rights of Persons with Disabilities, UN Doc. A/76/146, 19 July 2021, paras 88 and 95, available at: https://undocs.org/en/A/76/146.

31 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, ibid., para. 7.

32 UN Security Council, Resolution 2475 (2019), UN Doc. S/RES/2475 (2019), 20 June 2019, available at: https://undocs.org/s/res/2475(2019).

33 Ibid., paras 9 and 10.

34 Ibid., para. 4.

35 Human Rights Watch, “Persons with Disabilities in the Context of Armed Conflict: Submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities”, 8 June 2021, available at: www.hrw.org/news/2021/06/08/persons-disabilities-context-armed-conflict.

36 See, for example, Human Rights Watch, “Cameroon: People with Disabilities Caught in Crisis”, above note 3; Human Rights Watch, “Central African Republic: People with Disabilities Left Behind”, above note 3; Human Rights Watch, “Central African Republic: People with Disabilities at High Risk”, above note 3; Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, above note 3.

37 Amnesty International, “Yemen: Excluded: Living with Disabilities in Yemen's Armed Conflict”, 3 December 2019, pp. 16–17, available at: www.amnesty.org/en/documents/MDE31/1383/2019/en/.

38 Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, above note 3, p. 11.

39 Ibid., p. 12.

40 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), “2021 Humanitarian Needs Overview: Syrian Arab Republic”, March 2021, p. 57, available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/2021-humanitarian-needs-overview-syrian-arab-republic-march-2021-enar.

41 Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, above note 3.

42 Ibid., p. 14.

43 Ibid.

44 Human Rights Watch, “‘You Can and Should Do More to Ensure People with Disabilities Are Included in All Aspects of Your Work – We Can't Wait Any Longer’: Statement by Ms. Nujeen Mustafa During the United Nations Security Council Briefing on the Humanitarian Situation in Syria on April 24, 2019”, 25 April 2019, available at: www.hrw.org/news/2019/04/25/you-can-and-should-do-more-ensure-people-disabilities-are-included-all-aspects-your.

45 Ibid.

46 Ibid.

47 Human Rights Watch, “Cameroon: People with Disabilities Caught in Crisis”, above note 3.

48 Ibid.

49 Human Rights Watch, “Central African Republic: People with Disabilities Left Behind”, above note 3.

50 Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, above note 3, p. 15.

51 Ibid., p. 16.

52 Human Rights Watch, “Central African Republic: People with Disabilities Left Behind”, above note 3.

53 Ibid.

54 OCHA, “2022 Humanitarian Needs Overview: Syrian Arab Republic”, February 2022, p. 77, available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/2022-humanitarian-needs-overview-syrian-arab-republic-february-2022.

55 Ibid., p. 73.

56 UNICEF, Combatting the Costs of Exclusion for Children with Disabilities and Their Families, New York, 2021, available at: www.unicef.org/media/96421/file/Combatting%20the%20Costs%20of%20Exclusionfor%20for%20Children%20with%20Disabilities%20and%20their%20Families.%20%20%20%20%20%20%20.pdf.

57 Zoe Marks, “Poverty and Conflict”, GSDRC Knowledge Services Professional Development Reading Pack No. 52, October 2016, available at: https://gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Poverty-and-conflict_RP.pdf.

58 Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, above note 3, pp. 18–24.

59 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI), 21 UN GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 49, UN Doc. A/6316 (1966), 16 December 1966, 993 UNTS 3 (entered into force 3 January 1976).

60 The principle of non-discrimination has become part of customary international law and is binding on all States. It is included in human rights instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the ICESCR. The CRC is the first human rights treaty to explicitly prohibit discrimination against children on the basis of disability. The CRPD reinforces the principles of equality and non-discrimination in Article 5.

61 CRPD, above note 13, Art. 28.

62 Ibid.

63 The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights requires States to “take steps” to the maximum of their available resources to progressively achieve the full realization of economic, social and cultural rights. The Covenant also requires States to guarantee these rights without discrimination. For more, see OHCHR, Frequently Asked Questions on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, Fact Sheet No. 33, pp. 13–14, available at: www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/ESCR/FAQ_on_ESCR-en.pdf; CRPD, above note 13, Arts 4 and 28.

64 Ibid.

65 Ibid. Also relevant are the CRPD, above note 13, Arts 5 and 28, and the CRC, above note 10, Art. 2.

66 Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, above note 3, p. 25.

67 Human Rights Watch, “People with Disabilities at Added Risk in War, Displacement”, 3 December 2015, available at: www.hrw.org/news/2015/12/03/people-disabilities-added-risk-war-displacement.

68 Ibid.

69 Amnesty International, above note 37, p. 26.

70 Ibid.

71 Ibid.

72 Humanity & Inclusion, Death Sentence to Civilians: The Long-Term Impact of Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas in Yemen, May 2020, p. 18, available at: www.humanity-inclusion.org.uk/sn_uploads/document/2020-05_Report-YEMEN-Explosive-Weapons-Death-Sentence-to-Civilians_EN_Web.pdf.

73 Ibid.

74 Human Rights Watch, “Statement by Raja Abdullah Almasabi to the UN Security Council, July 28, 2020: ‘We Must Have a Seat at the Table’”, 4 August 2020, available at: www.hrw.org/news/2020/08/04/statement-raja-abdullah-almasabi-un-security-council-july-28-2020.

75 Human Rights Watch, “Gaza: Israeli Restrictions Harm People with Disabilities”, 3 December 2020, available at: www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/03/gaza-israeli-restrictions-harm-people-disabilities.

76 Human Rights Watch, “Disability is Not Weakness”: Discrimination and Barriers Facing Women and Girls with Disabilities in Afghanistan, 2020, p. 17, available at: www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/afghanistan0420_web_0.pdf.

77 Ibid.

78 World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF, “Early Childhood Development and Disability: A Discussion Paper”, 2012, available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/75355/9789241504065_eng.pdf;jsessionid=A53A7653B58390E5A25F1A6A0BA80CBD?sequence=1. See, also, UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 7 (2005): Implementing Child Rights in Early Childhood, UN Doc. CRC/C/GC/7/Rev.1, 20 September 2006, paras 6(e) and 36(d), available at: www.refworld.org/docid/460bc5a62.html. According to the Committee on the Rights of the Child, a young child's earliest years are the foundation for their health and development across the life course and early childhood is the period during which disabilities are usually identified and the impact on children's well-being and development recognized.

79 UNICEF, Early Moments Matter for Every Child, September 2017, available at: www.unicef.org/media/48886/file/UNICEF_Early_Moments_Matter_for_Every_Child-ENG.pdf.

80 ICESCR, above note 59, Art. 12.

81 UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 7, above note 78.

82 Ibid.

83 Human Rights Watch, “Cameroon: People with Disabilities Caught in Crisis”, above note 3.

84 Human Rights Watch, above note 75.

85 Ibid.

86 Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, above note 3, pp. 33–6.

87 Jackie Casey, Laura McKeown, Rachael McDonald and Suzanne Martin, “Wheelchairs for Children Under 12 with Physical Impairments”, Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, No. 2, 2017.

88 CRPD, above note 13, Art. 20.

89 See, for example, Human Rights Watch, “Cameroon: People with Disabilities Caught in Crisis”, above note 3; Human Rights Watch, “South Sudan: People with Disabilities, Older People Face Danger”, 31 May 2017, available at: www.hrw.org/news/2017/05/31/south-sudan-people-disabilities-older-people-face-danger; Human Rights Watch, “Central African Republic: People with Disabilities at High Risk”, above note 3; Human Rights Watch, above note 76.

90 Ibid.

91 Human Rights Watch, “Cameroon: People with Disabilities Caught in Crisis”, above note 3.

92 OCHA, above note 54, pp. 7 and 24.

93 Human Rights Watch, “Central African Republic: People with Disabilities Left Behind”, above note 3; Human Rights Watch, “Central African Republic: People with Disabilities at High Risk”, above note 3.

94 Ibid.

95 OCHA, above note 40, pp. 62–3.

96 Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, above note 3, p. 54.

97 UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 7, above note 78, para. 11(b)(ii).

98 UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, General Comment No. 6, above note 27, para. 46.

99 IASC Task Team on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action, Guidelines: Inclusion of People with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action, IASC, July 2019, available at: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-task-team-inclusion-persons-disabilities-humanitarian-action/documents/iasc-guidelines.

100 According to UNICEF, 60% of girls are out of school in Afghanistan. See UNICEF, “Afghanistan: Education”, available at: www.unicef.org/afghanistan/education.

101 Community Centre for the Disabled, Assessing Participation of Persons with Disabilities in Past Three Elections in Afghanistan, 2013, p. 11, available at: https://eaccess.s3.amazonaws.com/media/attachments/resources_mainresource/564/Afghanistan_Assessing_Participation_2013.pdf. See, also, UNICEF, Disability-Inclusive Education Practices in Afghanistan, August 2021, p. 14, available at: www.unicef.org/rosa/media/16981/file/Country%20Profile%20-%20Afghanistan.pdf. Human Rights Watch, above note 76, pp. 13–16.

102 Ibid.

103 Human Rights Watch, “Central African Republic: People with Disabilities Left Behind”, above note 3.

104 Ibid.

105 OCHA, above note 54, p. 36

106 Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, above note 3, p. 37.

107 OCHA, above note 40, pp. 31 and 69.

108 Ibid., p. 69. See, also, OCHA, above note 54, p. 68.

109 Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, above note 3, p. 55.

110 UNICEF, Children with Disabilities in Situations of Armed Conflict: Discussion Paper, November 2018, available at: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Children_with_disabilities_in_sutuations_of_armed_conflict.pdf.

111 UN Security Council, Resolution 2601 (2021), UN Doc. S/RES/2601 (2021), 29 October 2021, available at: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N21/313/76/PDF/N2131376.pdf?OpenElement.

112 CRC, above note 10, Arts 28(1) and 29(1); CRPD, above note 13, Art. 24.

113 According to the World Bank, people with disabilities are more likely to experience adverse socio-economic outcomes and inadequate access to education increases their risk of poverty. See the World Bank, above note 7.

114 The Global Partnership for Education Secretariat, “Children with Disabilities Face the Longest Road to Education”, 3 December 2016, available at: www.globalpartnership.org/blog/children-disabilities-face-longest-road-education.

115 Human Rights Watch, “Central African Republic: People with Disabilities Left Behind”, above note 3.

116 OCHA, above note 40, p. 57.

117 Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, above note 3, p. 48.

118 E. Ćerimović, above note 41.

119 UN General Assembly, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Right to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation, Catarina de Albuquerque, Stigma and the Realization of the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation, UN Doc. A/HRC/21/42, 2 July 2012, para. 3, available at: www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session21/A-HRC-21-42_en.pdf.

120 WHO, “Disability: The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities – Why is the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Important?”, 1 December 2020, available at: www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/why-is-the-convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities-important.

121 Patricio V. Marquez, “Mental Health Services in Situations of Conflict, Fragility and Violence: What To Do?”, World Bank Blogs, 1 November 2016, available at: https://blogs.worldbank.org/health/mental-health-services-situations-conflict-fragility-and-violence-what-do.

122 Frounfelker, Rochelle L. et al. , “Living Through War: Mental Health of Children and Youth in Conflict-Affected Areas”, International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 101, No. 911, 2019CrossRefGoogle Scholar; UNICEF, “Operational Guidelines on Community Based Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Humanitarian Settings: Three-Tiered Support for Children and Families (Field Test Version)”, August 2018, available at: www.unicef.org/media/52171/file; UNICEF, above note 110; Jordans, M. J. D. and Tol, W. A., “Mental Health and Psychosocial Support for Children in Areas of Armed Conflict: Call for a Systems Approach”, British Journal of Psychiatry International, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2015Google ScholarPubMed.

123 Human Rights Watch, “‘They are Destroying Our Future’: Armed Separatist Attacks on Students, Teachers, and Schools in Cameroon's Anglophone Regions”, 16 December 2021, p. 108, available at: www.hrw.org/report/2021/12/16/they-are-destroying-our-future/armed-separatist-attacks-students-teachers-and.

124 Human Rights Watch, “‘It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself’: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities”, above note 3, p. 30. For more details about Shahd's story, see E. Ćerimović, above note 41.

125 Human Rights Watch, “South Sudan: People with Disabilities, Older People Face Danger”, above note 89.

126 UN General Assembly, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health, Dainius Puras, Right of Everyone to the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health, UN Doc. A/70/213, 30 July 2015, paras 40, 57 and 109, available at: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N15/238/25/PDF/N1523825.pdf?OpenElement.

127 See IASC, “IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings, 2007”, 1 June 2007, available at: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-task-force-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/iasc-guidelines-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings-2007; and IASC Task Team on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action, above note 99. See, also, UN General Assembly, Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health, Dainius Puras, Right of Everyone to the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health, UN Doc. A/HRC/44/48, 15 April 2020, para 47, available at: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G20/094/45/PDF/G2009445.pdf?OpenElement; and UN General Assembly, Interim Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health, Dainius Puras, Right of Everyone to the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health, UN Doc. A/73/216, 27 July 2018, paras 15 and 57, available at: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N18/234/88/PDF/N1823488.pdf?OpenElement.

128 For more, see Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, “About the Mandate”, available at: https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/about-the-mandate/.

129 UN Security Council, Resolution 1261 (1999), UN Doc. S/RES/1261 (1999), 30 August 1999, available at: www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/CAC%20SRES%201261.pdf.

130 UN Security Council, Resolution 1612 (2005), UN Doc. S/RES/1612 (2005), 26 July 2005, available at: www.un.org/ruleoflaw/files/SecurityCouncilResolution1612_en.pdf.

131 In February 2021, Human Rights Watch published a report calling on the UN to consider using another term to refer to violations against children that result in serious injury other than “maiming”. Although “maiming” is a term used in IHL, it is not consistent with the CRPD and can be stigmatizing to people with disabilities. See Human Rights Watch, “UN: High Risk in Conflicts for Children with Disabilities”, above note 5.

132 UN Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, Study on the Evolution of the Children and Armed Conflict Mandate 1996–2021, January 2022, available at: https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Study-on-the-evolution-of-the-Children-and-Armed-Conflict-mandate-1996-2021.pdf.

133 Ibid., p. 52.

134 Ibid.