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Focusing on positive outcomes in frailty research: development of a short well-being instrument for older adults (SWIO)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2019

Daan Duppen Open the ORCID record for Daan Duppen [Opens in a new window] ,
Gina Rossi ,
Eva Dierckx ,
Lieve Hoeyberghs ,
Liesbeth De Donder  and
D-SCOPE Consortium
Daan Duppen*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
Gina Rossi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
Eva Dierckx
Affiliation:
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
Lieve Hoeyberghs
Affiliation:
Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College of Ghent, Gent, Belgium
Liesbeth De Donder
Affiliation:
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
D-SCOPE Consortium
Affiliation:
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College of Ghent, Gent, Belgium
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Daan Duppen, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Email: Daan. Duppen@vub.be.
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Abstract

Objective:

Studies of frailty have tended to focus on adverse outcomes. This study aims to develop a short instrument that identifies a positive outcome, namely, the level of well-being in older adults at risk of frailty.

Method:

871 older adults (49.4% women; mean age 75.72 years; SD = 8.05) with a frailty risk profile participated in the first wave of the D-SCOPE study. The possible domains of well-being were identified using a bottom-up approach. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) and multidimensional Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis of 17 items in 4 domains measuring well-being was performed on a calibration sample (n = 435) to develop the instrument. The instrument was subsequently corroborated by confirmatory factor analysis and convergent/divergent relations with relevant external measures in a validation sample (n = 436).

Results:

The ESEM three-factor solution, with the subdimensions of sense of mastery, meaning in life, and life satisfaction, displayed good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.070). For each dimension, the three best discriminating items were retained for the instrument following IRT analysis. Internal consistency of these dimensions was good in the validation sample (sense of mastery α = 0.864, meaning in life α = 0.715, and life satisfaction α = 0.782). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) three-factor model also showed good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.064). Small to large zero-order correlations with the external measures were as expected.

Conclusions:

Using a bottom-up approach, this study developed a short instrument to identify levels of well-being in vulnerable or frail older adults. The instrument can be applied in primary care and prevention programs.

Keywords

item response theorywell-beinghealth outcomesshort form
Type
Original Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 31 , Issue 6: Issue Theme: Frailty, Cognition, and Mental Health , June 2019 , pp. 767 - 777
Copyright
© International Psychogeriatric Association 2019 

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