General synopsis of the Symposium: Cognitive impairment is an important geriatric syndrome. As the global population ages exponentially, the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia is increasing, and mental status assessment is key in the evaluation of older adults. However, there are several pitfalls during cognitive testing and special clinical situations that demands a more in-depth knowledge and attention from the examiner. The overall objective of this symposium is to show strategies and particularities of cognitive assessment in different settings (in the clinic, inside the hospital) and clinical scenarios (early onset impairment, mental illness comorbidity).