International criminal law — International Criminal Court — Rome Statute, 1998, Articles 8(2)(e)(iv), 23, 25(3)(a), 65 and 76-8 — War crime of intentionally attacking protected objects — Destruction of cultural heritage — Liability of co-perpetrator — Situation in the Republic of Mali — Referral to the ICC by the Government of Mali — Sentencing — Appropriate sentence given gravity of the crime and plea of guilty

Evidence before international courts and tribunals — International Criminal Court — Destruction of cultural property — Evidence of co-perpetrator’s conduct

War and armed conflict — Non-international armed conflict — Definition — Distinction between armed conflict and internal disturbances and tensions — Control of territory by armed groups — Whether conflict internationalized — Conflict in Mali in 2012