Treaties — Reservations — Interpretative declarations — Circumstances in which interpretative declaration assimilated to reservation — Relevance of title of declaration — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 64 — Validity of reservations to European Convention on Human Rights — Competence of European Court of Human Rights to examine validity — Meaning of reservation “of a general character” for purposes of Article 64(1) — Purpose of “brief statement of the law concerned”, as required under Article 64(2) — Effect of holding reservation impermissible — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969

Human Rights — Fair trial — European Convention on Human Rights, Article 6(1) — Entitlement to trial by “independent and impartial tribunal” — Whether, where first instance tribunal not independent and impartial, appeal without re-examination of merits is sufficient