Environment — Pollution — Disposal of waste matter — Township development — Discharge of sewage into River Kiserian — Public Health Act — Water Act 2002 — Responsibility for sewage treatment works — Section 3 of Environment Management and Co-ordination Act 1999 — Right to a clean environment — Relevant universal principles — Sustainable development — Precautionary principle — Polluter pays principle — Public trust — Intergenerational equity principle — Whether township development ecologically sustainable — Requirement of solutions to avert serious environmental damage

Human rights — Right to life — Section 71 of Constitution of Kenya — Right to life in environmental context — International environmental instruments — Right to clean environment — Section 3 of Environment Management and Co-ordination Act 1999 — Balance of rights — Economic benefits of development — Rights of Kiserian town developers — Rights of downstream users of Kiserian River — Rights of future generations — Sustainable development

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Customary international law — Section 3 of Environment Management and Co-ordination Act 1999 — Universal principles — Sustainable development — Precautionary principle — Polluter pays principle — Public trust — Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 1992 — The law of Kenya