Treaties — Interpretation — Principles of interpretation — Application by municipal courts — Plain meaning of treaty provision — Objects and purposes of treaty — Intention of the parties — Statements by parties to treaty regarding intention — Whether conclusive — Japan-United States Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Treaty, 1953

Economics, trade and finance — Bilateral commercial treaties — Purposes — Distinction between national treatment and most favoured nation treatment — Japan-United States Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Treaty, 1953 — The law of the United States