Sources of international law — Treaties — Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg — Whether declaratory of customary international law — Effect on development of international law — Confirmation of the Charter by the United Nations General Assembly

War and armed conflict — War crimes — Crimes against humanity — Applicant's participation in war crimes and crimes against humanity as ground for refusing admission to Canada — Immigration Act 1985, Section 19(1)(j) — “Double criminality requirement” — Request for and supervision of forced labour by applicant in production of V-2 rocket during World War II — Whether contrary to international law at that time — Hague Convention No. IV respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 1907 — Charter of the International Military Tribunal, 1945 — Whether use of forced labour constitutes aiding and abetting offence of kidnapping contrary to Canadian Criminal Code of 1927 — The law of Canada