Sea — Maritime zones — High seas — Exclusive economic zone — Territorial sea — Rights of coastal State and flag States — Pollution — United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 — International Convention on Maritime Pollution, 1973 and Protocol (MARPOL 73/78) — Whether coastal State entitled to impose standards higher than those of MARPOL 73/78 on ships of other flag States — Powers of European Community

Treaties — Parties — Effect of treaties upon non-parties — European Community — Treaties concluded by European Community — Treaties to which European Community not a party but which are binding on all Member States — Effect in Community law

Treaties — Interpretation — Principles of interpretation — Object and purpose of the treaty — Treaty as aid to interpretation of national law

Relationship of international law and municipal law — European Community law — Treaties concluded by Community — Whether part of Community legal order — Whether possessing primacy over Community legislation — Treaties binding Member States but not the Community — Whether validity of Community legislation can be assessed in light of treaty — Whether treaty confers rights upon individuals — Whether treaty precise and unconditional

International organizations — European Community — Nature of Community as a subject of international law — Whether Community obliged to act in accordance with international law — Whether Community’s powers to legislate limited by international treaty obligations of the Member States — The law of the European Community