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Brazilian Workers Rediscovered

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2008

Emilia Viotti da Costa
Emilia Viotti da Costa
Affiliation:
Yale University
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Information
International Labor and Working-Class History , Volume 22 , Fall 1982 , pp. 28 - 38
Copyright
Copyright © International Labor and Working-Class History, Inc. 1982

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References

NOTES

1. Rodrigues, Albertino. Sindicato e Desenvolvimento no Brasil (São Paulo. 1968)Google Scholar; Simão, Aziz. Sindicato e Estado (São Paulo. 1966)Google Scholar: Rodrigues, Leoncio, Conflito Industrial e Sindicalismo no Brasil (São Paulo, 1966)Google Scholar: Lopes, Juarez Brandão, Crise do Brasil Arcaico (São Paulo, 1967)Google Scholar and Sociedade Industrial no Brasil (São Paulo, 1964)Google Scholar: Rodrigues, Edgar, Sindicalismo e Socialismo no Brasil 1675–1913 (Rio de Janeiro, 1969)Google Scholar: Vinhas, Mauricio, Estudos sobre o proletariado Brasileiro (Rio de Janeiro, 1970)Google Scholar: Harding, Timothy, “A Political History of the Organized Labor Movement in Brazil” (Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, 1973)Google Scholar: Erickson, Paul, The Brazilian Corporate State and Working Class Politics (Berkeley, 1977)Google Scholar: Maram, Sheldon, “Anarchists. Immigrants and the Brazilian Labor Movement 1890–1920” (Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Santa Barbara, 1972).Google Scholar

2. Telles, Jover. O movimento Sindical no Brasil (São Paulo, 1981)Google Scholar: Dias, Everardo, Historia das Lutas Sociais no Brasil (2nd. ed., São Paulo, 1977)Google Scholar; Carone, Edgard, A Republica Velha (1890–1920). Instituições e Classes Sociais (3rd. ed., São Paulo, 1972)Google Scholar: Mendes, Antonio Jr. and Maranhão, Ricardo, Brasil Historia. Texto e Consulta. Republica Velha (São Paulo, 1979).Google Scholar

3. Fausto, Boris, Trabalho urbano e conflito social 1890–1920 (São Paulo, 1977)Google Scholar: Rodrigues, Leoncio Martins, Trabalhadores Sinciatos e Industrialização (São Paulo, 1974).Google Scholar For a different approach see Maram, Sheldon, op. cit.Google Scholar

4. Dulles, John W. F., Anarchists and Communists in Brazil 1900–1935 (Austin, 1973).Google Scholar Also Fausto, Boris, op. cit.Google Scholar, and Maram, Sheldon, op. cit.Google Scholar

5. Carone, Edgard, A Republica Nova. 1930–1937 (3rd ed., São Paulo, 1977).Google Scholar

6. Fausto, Boris, A Revolução de 1930. Historiografta e Historia (São Paulo, 1970).Google Scholar

7. Hall, Michael and Pinheiro, Paulo Sergio, “Immigrazione e movimento operaio in Brasile un' interpretazione,” in Roio, Jose Luis del, ed., Lavoratori in Brasile. Immigrazione e Industrializ-zazione nello Stato di São Paulo (Milano, 1981) 35–49.Google Scholar See also De Decca, Salvador. Dimensões historicas do insucesso politico (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Sao Paulo, 1979).Google Scholar

8. For an interesting study of the relationships between entrepreneurs and workers stressing the paternalistic nature of those relations see Martins, Jose de Souza. Conde Matarazzo. o Empresario e a empresa (São Paulo, 1976).Google Scholar

9. An informative essay about the way the press reacted to workers' strikes is Barbara Weinstein's “Impressoes da elite sobre os movimentos da classe operaria. A cobertura da greve em O Estado de S. Paulo, 1902–1907,” in Capelato, Maria Helena and Prado, Maria Ligia, O Bravo Matutino. Imprensa e ideologia: o jornal O Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo, 1980), 135–176.Google Scholar For the study of the workers' press see Ferreira, Maria Nazareth, A Imprensa Operaria no Brasil 1880–1920 (Petropolis, 1978).Google Scholar

10. The relationships between the entrepreneurs and the State is well documented in de Castro Gomes, Angela Maria, Burguesia e Trabalho. Politico e Legislação Social no Brasil. 1917–1937 (Rio de Janeiro, 1979).Google Scholar For the study of the entrepreneurs' ideology see Leme, Marisa Saens, A ideologia dos Industrials Brasileiros 1919–1945 (Petropolis, 1978)Google Scholar and Vianna, Luiz Werneck, Liberalismo e Sindicato no Brasil (Rio de Janeiro, 1976).Google Scholar

11. One exception is Dulles, John W. F., op. cit.Google Scholar

12. Fernandes, Florestan, A integração do Negro na Sociedade de Classes (2nd. ed., 2 vols., São Paulo. 1965).Google Scholar

13. Maram, Sheldon. op. cit.Google Scholar

14. One exception is Beiguelman, Paula, Os companheiros de São Paulo (São Paulo, 1977).Google Scholar

15. Maram, Sheldon, “Labor and the Left in Brazil. 1890–1924, a Movement Aborted,” Hispanic American Historical Review, 57, 2 (05 1977) 254–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Also his “Anarchists, Immigrants and the Brazilian Labor Movement.” op. cit.

16. Other authors have identified different types of anarchism. See Spalding, Hobart, Organized Labor in Latin America (New York, 1977)Google Scholar and Fausto, Boris, op. cit.Google Scholar Very often, however, the anarchists are referred to without further qualification.

17. For the study of the Communist Party see: Bandeira, Luiz Alberto Moniz. Andrade, Clovis Mello e A. T., O ano vermelho: A revolução russa e seus reflexos no Brasil (Rio de Janeiro, 1967)Google Scholar; Chilcote, Ronald, The Brazilian Communist Party (New York, 1974)Google Scholar; Pereira, Astrojildo, Formação do P.C.B. (2nd. ed., São Paulo, 1980)Google Scholar; Segatto, Jose Antonio. Breve Historia do PCB (São Paulo, 1981)Google Scholar; Pereira, Astrojildo, “Documemos ineditos,” in Memoria e historia, Revista do Arquivo historico do Movimento Operario (São Paulo, 1981).Google Scholar

18. Very important as a source for this revision are the memoirs of political militants recently published. See in particular: Bezerra, Gregorio. Memorias:primeira parte 1917–1937 (Rio de Janeiro, 1979)Google Scholar; Barata, Agildo, Vida de urn Revolucionario. Memorias (2nd. ed., São Paulo. 1977)Google Scholar; Brandão, Octavio, Combates e Batalhas (São Paulo, 1978)Google Scholar; Basbaum, Leoncio, Uma vida em sets tempos. Memorias (São Paulo, 1976)Google Scholar; Cavalcanti, Paulo, Da Coluna Prestes a Queda de Arraes. Memorias (São Paulo, 1978)Google Scholar; Chaves, Elias, Minha vida e as lutas de men tempo. Memorias (São Paulo, 1977).Google Scholar