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Seasonal changes of secondary compounds in the phloem sap of cassava in relation to fertilisation and to infestation by the cassava Mealybug

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

M. Tertuliano ,
P. A. Calatayud  and
B. P. Le Rü
M. Tertuliano
Affiliation:
ORSTOM, Laboratory of Entomology, B.P. 181, Brazzaville, Congo
P. A. Calatayud
Affiliation:
ORSTOM, Laboratory of Entomology, B.P. 181, Brazzaville, Congo
B. P. Le Rü*
Affiliation:
ORSTOM, Laboratory of Entomology, B.P. 181, Brazzaville, Congo
*
Corresponding author: BPLR. E-mail: ors10@calvacom.fr
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine, by a field experiment, whether the seasonal variations in the levels of cyanide and rutin in the phloem, secondary compounds potentially implicated in cassava resistance to the cassava mealybug (Phenaccocus manihoti), could be influenced by different kinds of soil fertilisation (manure, NPK, KC1, lime, mulch). It was found that mean cyanide and rutin contents varied significantly with season, soil treatments and infestation. For each soil treatment, the highest contents of these compounds on uninfested plants was registered in the main dry season (Jul-Aug) for cyanide and at the end of the dry season (Jul-Aug) and beginning of the rainy season (Oct-Nov) for rutin. The infestation factor induced an increase in cyanide and rutin contents for 43 combinations of period and soil treatment among 48 in total. For cyanide content (phagostimulant function in mealybug), this increase appeared significant at the end of the rainy season (Apr-May) and in the main dry season (Jul-Aug) for control and KC1 fertilisation. For rutin content (an unfavourable substance for the insect) significant increase was induced by infestation in each period for manure and mulch and especially in the main dry season (Jul-Aug) and at the beginning of the rainy season (Oct-Nov) for other soil treatments. Concerning the seasonal variations in the level of rutin, these results showed that mulch and manure are the best fertilisers to increase cassava resistance against mealybugs.

Résumé

L'objectif du travail présenté ici est de déterminer, par une étude de plein champ, si les variations saisonnières des teneurs phloémiennes en cyanure et rutine, composés secondaires potentiellement impliqués dans la résistance du manioc à la cochenille, pourraient être influencées par différentes fertilisations du sol (Fumier, NPK, KC1, Calcaire et Paillage). Les teneurs foliaires moyennes en cyanure et en rutine des plantes sont significativement modifiées par la saison, le traitement et l'infestation. Quelque soit le traitement, sur les plants non infestés, les teneurs maximales des deux composés sont mesurées pendant la grande saison sèche pour le cyanure et au début de la saison des pluies pour la rutine. D'une manière générale l'infestation par P.manihoti induit une augmentation des teneurs des deux composés en toute saison et quelque soit le traitement. En ce qui concerne le cyanure (substance ayant une fonction phagostimulante), la réponse à l'infestation est plus marquée en fin de saison des pluies (Av-Mai) et pendant la grande saison sèche (Jui-Aoû). En ce qui concerne la rutine (substance défavorable à l'insecte) on enregistre une forte réponse à l'infestation, en toute saison pour les traitements paillage et fumure organique. Pour les autres traitements, la réponse est plus marquée en saison sèche (Jui-Aoû) et au début de la saison des pluies (Oct-Nov). En terme de variation saisonnière des teneurs en rutine, nos résultats suggèrent que le paillage et la fumure organique améliorent la résistance du manioc à la cochenille.

Keywords

Phenacoccus manihotiPseudococcidaeManihot esculentacassavaantixenosisantibiosisphloem sapnitrogen fertilisationcyanogenic glucosidesplant phenolicsrutinPhenacoccus manihotiPseudococcidaeManiliot esculentamaniocantixénoseantibiosesève phloémienne sapfertilisation azotéeglycosides cyanogénésphénolsrutine
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 19 , Issue 1 , March 1999 , pp. 91 - 98
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1999

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