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Salivary glands and their digestive enzymes in pod-sucking bugs (Hemiptera: Coreoidea) associated with cowpea Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata in Nigeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2007

O.L. Soyelu ,
A.E. Akingbohungbe  and
R.E. Okonji
O.L. Soyelu*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
A.E. Akingbohungbe
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
R.E. Okonji
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
*
*E-mail: jlekan2001@yahoo.co.uk
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Abstract

The salivary glands of the cowpea pod-sucking bugs Anoplocnemis curvipes (Fabricius), Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål, Clavigralla shadabi Dolling, Riptortus dentipes (Fabricius) and Mirperus jaculus (Thunberg) are described and illustrated. Extracts of the glands were assayed for the presence of proteinases, α-amylase, β-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The salivary glands consist of four-lobed principal glands and a tubular accessory gland, and they differ in shape and size among the different species except for the median lobe, which is more or less spherical. The sickle-shaped nature of the posterior lobe reported before for Riptortus linearis (Linnaeus) was also observed in R. dentipes, suggestive of a probable generic characteristic. Anoplocnemis curvipes has the biggest salivary gland, and it is followed by R. dentipes, M. jaculus, C. tomentosicollis and C. shadabi in descending order. Assays of the gland extracts revealed that the four digestive enzymes tested are present in the five coreoid species. Proteinases were preponderant (1.4–94.9 μg/ml), while amylases were detected in traces [(0.5–11.0) × 10− 3 μg/ml]. Proteinases may be largely responsible for the feeding damage caused by the coreoid species and their concentration in the glands of the different species correlates well with their known capacity to inflict pod damage and yield reduction in cowpea. Fourth instar nymphs of the different species also had higher concentrations of the digestive enzymes compared with their respective adults; and this correlates with the known ability of the nymphs to cause greater pod damage and yield reduction than adults.

Keywords

Anoplocnemis curvipesRiptortus dentipesMirperus jaculusClavigralla tomentosicollisClavigralla shadabisalivary glandsproteinasesα-amylaseβ-amylaseamyloglucosidase
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 27 , Issue 1 , March 2007 , pp. 40 - 47
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2007

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