Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-767nl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T22:22:33.016Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prospects for biological control in the tropics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

D. J. Greathead
D. J. Greathead
Affiliation:
C.A.B. International Institute of Biological Control, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7PY, U.K.
Get access

Abstract

Classical biological control has been very effective against many introduced pests in the tropics and because it is permanent should be preferred as a control strategy for these pests. However, many pests are native or long established and of uncertain origin. Although classical biological control of these is more difficult, it has been achieved on a number of occasions but in many instances satisfactory control has not been achieved despite considerable effort. Reassessment of control options is needed for these pests based on more thorough quantitative ecological studies than are available at present. Only in this way will rational control strategies be developed, maximizing the contribution of native as well as exotic natural enemies. Even so, in many instances, control of a complex of pests on a single crop will require development of integrated pest management including, at least initially, chemical control of some pests. For effective implementation, more and better trained personnel will be required as will the active co-operation of farmers.

Résumé

La lutte biologique classique s'est montrée tres efficace contre beaucoup de ravageurs agricoles introduits dans la zone tropicale, et en raison de ses effets permanents devrait-elle constituer la stratégie de choix pour lutter contre ces ravageurs. Pourtant beaucoup de ravageurs sont ou indigènes ou établis depuis longtemps et d'origine incertaine. La lutte biologique classique contre ceux-ci, bien que plus difficile, s'est accomplie à plusieurs reprises, mais souvent avec des résultats insuffisants malgré des efforts considérables. Pour lutter contre de tels ravageurs, une nouvelle évaluation des méthodes disponibles serait nécessaire, basée sur des études écologiques quantitatives plus profondes qu'on n'ait pu faire jusqu'ici. De cette façon seulement peut-on développer une stratégie rationnelle de lutte qui exploite au maximum les ennemis naturels indigènes ainsi que exotiques. Dans bien des cas cependant, la lutte contre un complexe de ravageurs sur une seule culture réclamera le développement d'un schéma de lutte intégrée, y compris, du moins au début, la lutte chimique contre certaines espèces. La mise en oeuvre d'un tel programme demandera à son tour un personnel plus nombreux et mieux instruit, ainsi que la coopération active des fermiers de la région visée.

Keywords

Biological controlinsect pestsweedsintroduced pestsnative pestspest ecologyaugmentationhabitat modification
Type
Symposium IX: Biological and Cultural Techniques in Tropical Crop Pest and Vector Management
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 8 , Issue 4-5-6: Recent Advances in Research on Tropical Entomology , December 1987 , pp. 787 - 789
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bashir, M. O. (1984) The establishment and distribution of natural enemies of water hyacinth released in Sudan. Trop. Pesi Manage. 30, 320–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, M. R. (1982) The potential use of microbials In Heliothis management. In Proc. of the Intern. Workshop on Heliothis Management, 15–20 November 1981, ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, A.P., India, pp. 137–145. ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P., India.Google Scholar
Carl, K. P. (1982) Biological control of native pests by introduced natural enemies. Biocontrol News and Inf. 3, 191–200.Google Scholar
CIE (1984) Distribution Maps of Insect Pests. Map no. 450. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK.Google Scholar
Cock, M. J. W. (Editor) (1985) A Review of Biological Control of Pests in the Commonwealth Caribbean and Bermuda up to 1982. Technical Communication no. 9 Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK.Google Scholar
Doutt, R. L. (1958) Vice, virtue and the vedalia. Ent. Soc. Am. Bull. 4, 119–123.Google Scholar
Golob, P. (1984) Prostephanus truncatus, a new storage pest in Africa. In Advancing Agricultural Production in Africa. (Edited by Hawksworth, D. L.), pp. 78–80. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK.Google Scholar
Greathead, D. J. (1971) A Review of Biological Control in the Ethiopian Region. Technical Communication no. 5 Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, U.K.Google Scholar
Greathead, D. J. (1983) Natural enemies of Nilaparvata lugens and other leaf- and planthoppers in tropical agroecosystems and their impact on pest populations. In 1st International Workshop on Leafhoppers and Plant-hoppers of Economic Importance (Edited by Knight, W. J., Pant, N. C., Robertson, T. S. and Wilson, M. R.), pp. 371–383. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London.Google Scholar
Greathead, D. J. and Girling, D. J. (1982) Possibilities for natural enemies In Heliothis management and the contribution of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. In Proceedings of the International Workshop of Heliothis Management, 15–20 November 1981, ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, A.P., India, pp. 147–158. ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P., India.Google Scholar
Herren, H. R. and Bennett, F. D. (1984) Cassava pests, their spread and control. In Advancing Agricultural Production in Africa (Edited by Hawksworth, D. L.), pp. 110–114. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK.Google Scholar
INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) (1982) Les Trichogrammes. 1er Symposium International. Colloque de l'INRA no. 9. Versailles, France.Google Scholar
McKinley, D. J. (1982) The prospects for the use of nuclear polyhedrosis virus In Heliothis management. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Heliothis Management, 15–20 November 1981, ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, A.P., India, pp. 123–135. ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P., India.Google Scholar
Mohyuddin, A. I. and Shah, S. (1977) Biological control of Mythimna separata (Lep.: Noctuidae) in New Zealand and its bearing on biological control strategy. Entomophaga 22, 331–333.Google Scholar
Reed, W. (1965) Heliothis armigera (Hb.) (Noctuidae) in Western Tanganyika II. Ecology and natural and chemical control. Bull. ent. Res. 56, 127–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sithananthan, S. and Solyappan, A. R. (Eds) (1980) Biological Control of Sugarcane Pests in India. The Tamil Nadu State Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Ltd., Madras, India.Google Scholar
Syed, R. A. and Shah, S. (1976) Some important aspects of insect pest management in oil palm estates in Sabah, Malaysia. Malaysian International Agricultural Oil Palm Conference 1976, 14 pp.Google Scholar
Taylor, T. H. C. (1935) The campaign against Aspidiotus destructor, Sign., in Fiji. Bull. ent. Res. 26, 1–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, T. H. C. (1937) The Biological Control of an Insect in Fiji. Imperial Institute of Entomology, London.Google Scholar
Tothill, J. D., Taylor, T. H. C. and Paine, R. W. (1930) The Coconut Moth in Fiji. Imperial Bureau of Entomology, London.Google Scholar
Williams, D. J. and Diop, T. (1981) A whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on rice in West Africa. Trop. Pest. Manage. 27, 144–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar