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The nutritional ecology of Maruca vitrata Fabricius I. Development on flowers of wild and cultivated Vigna species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

N.O. Oigiangbe ,
L.E.N. Jackai ,
F.K. Ewete  and
L. Lajide
N.O. Oigiangbe
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.M.B. 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria
L.E.N. Jackai
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.M.B. 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria
F.K. Ewete
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan
L. Lajide
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Abstract

Growth, development and fecundity of Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were studied on artificial diet and flowers of two accessions each of three wild Vigna species, namely V. vexillata (TVnu 594 and TVnu 72), V. oblongifolia (TVnu 957 and TVnu 42) and V. unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana (TVnu 979 and TVnu 863) and six accessions of cowpea, V. unguiculata ssp. unguiculata (Moussa Local, VICAM-1, TVu 13731, IT84S-2246, IT89KD-457 and IT91K-180). The percentage survival of the larvae, larval weights as well as growth and development indices were significantly higher on the artificial diet, flowers of cowpea cultivars and those of V. unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana compared to those of V. vexillata and V. oblongifolia. The fecundity of females from larvae reared on artificial diet and flowers of cowpea was also significantly higher than that of females from the wild Vigna genotypes. All variables were included in principal component analysis. Two components accounted for 81.79%. On the basis of this analysis, the diets appeared to fall into four categories based on their suitability for supporting development of M. vitrata: unsuitable (TVnu 42 and TVnu 957), fairly suitable (TVnu 72, TVnu 594, TVnu 979, Moussa Local and TVnu 863), suitable (IT89KD-457, IT91K-180, VICAM-1, TVu 13731 and IT84S-2246), and very suitable (artificial diet). The importance of these findings in the development of host plant resistance of cowpea to M. vitrata is discussed.

Résumé

On a étudié la croissance, le développement et la fécondité de Maruca vitrata élevé sur un aliment artificiel et sur des fleurs de deux entrées chacune, provenant de trois espèces sauvages de Vigna notamment V. vexillata. (TVnu 594 et TVnu 72), V. oblongifolia (TVnu 957 et TVnu 42) et V. unguiculata (TVnu 979 et TVnu 863). La même étude a porté sur six entrées de niébé, V. unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana (Moussa local, VICAM-1, TVu 13731, IT84S-2246, IT89KD-457 et IT91K-180). Les taux de survie, le poids, la croissance et les indices de développement des larves étaient sensiblement plus élevés sur milieu artificiel, les fleurs des cultivars du niébé et celles de V. unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana en comparaison de V. vexillata et V. oblongifolia. La fécondité des femelles issues des larves nourries avec l'aliment artificiel et les fleurs du niébé était aussi sensiblement plus élevée que celle des femelles provenant des génotypes sauvages de Vigna. Toutes les variables ont été incluses dans l'analyse de la composition principale et deux composés ont compté pour 81,79%. Sur base de cette analyse, les régimes alimentaires ont semblé tomber dans quatre categories selon leur aptitude de favoriser le développement de M. vitrata. On a note qu'il y avait des régimes peu convenables (TVnu 42 et TVnu 957); des aliments assez appropriés (TVnu 72, TVnu 594, TVnu 979, Moussa local, et TVnu 863); des aliments appropriés (IT89KD-457, IT91K-180, VICAM-1, TVu 13731 et IT84S-2246), et d'autres très appropriés (aliment artificiel). L'article discute de la portée de ces résultats dans le développement de la résistance du niébé, une plante hôte de M. vitrata.

Keywords

artificial dietcowpeadevelopmentfecundityflowersgrowthMaruca vitratawild Vigna unguiculataaliment artificielniébédéveloppementféconditéfleurscroissanceMaruca vitratatype sauvaee de Visna
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 20 , Issue 4 , December 2000 , pp. 259 - 268
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2000

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