Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nmvwc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-27T13:22:24.015Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Feeding stimulation in Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae by some commonly available sugars and its effect on larval mortality caused by Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Michael Brownbridge
Michael Brownbridge
Affiliation:
The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access

Abstract

Investigations were carried out to establish the phagostimulatory effects of cheaply available materials (bag sugar, sucrose, molasses) on Chilo partellus larvae. Sugar and analytical grade sucrose (1% w/v solutions) were the best phagostimulants tested. Molasses was the least effective but a 10% w/v solution induced a significant feeding response. These stimulants, in combination with a Bacillus thuringiensis treatment, were tested to determine their effects on increasing the efficacy of the pathogen against this pest species. Larval mortality levels were significantly higher in the presence of a feeding stimulant than when B. thuringiensis alone was administered; inclusion of such adjuvants in a B. thuringiensis preparation could significantly enhance the field efficacy of the pathogen against C. partellus.

Résumé

Des investigations ont été conduites pour établir les effets de stimulation alimentaire de materiaux pas chers disponibles (sucre de sac, sucrose, molasses) sur la larve de Chilo partellus. Les meilleurs stimulants d'alimentation testés furent le sucre de sac et sucrose (SigmaR analytical grade) (1% w/v solutions). Les molasses furent les moins effectives mais à 10% w/v solution, induit une résponse significante. On testa ces stimulants, en combinaison avec le traitement de Bacillus thuringiensis pour déterminer leur effets en incrementant l'efficacité du patogen contre cette espéce nuisible. En présence d'un stimulant alimentaire, les niveaux de mortalité larvale furent significamment supérieurs que quand seulement B. thuringiensis était pourvu, suggérant que l'inclusion de tels adjuvants dans une préparation de B. thuringiensis pourrait relever, sur le terrain, l'efficacite du patogen contre C. partellus.

Keywords

Chilo partellussugarsfeeding stimulationphagostimulantsBacillus thuringiensispathogenesisChilo partellussucresstimulation alimentaireBacillus thuringiensis
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 14 , Issue 4 , August 1993 , pp. 465 - 470
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ascher, K. R. S. and Meisner, J. (1973) Evaluation of a method for assay of phagostimulants with Spodoptera littoralis larvae under various conditions. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 16, 101–114.Google Scholar
Bell, M. R. and Romine, C. L. (1980) Tobacco budworm field evaluation of microbial control in cotton using Bacillus thuringiensis and nuclear polyhedrosis virus, with a feeding adjuvant. J. Earn. Entomol. 73, 427–430.Google Scholar
Bristow, P. R., Doss, R. P. and Campbell, H. (1979) A membrane filter bioassay for studying phagostimulatory materials in leaf extracts. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 72, 16–18.Google Scholar
Brownbridge, M. (1990) The role of bacteria in the management of Chilo spp. Insect Sci. Applic. 11, 779–783.Google Scholar
Brownbridge, M. and Onyango, T. (1992) Screening of exotic and locally isolated Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) strains in Kenya for toxicity to the spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Trop, Pest Manage. 38, 77–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doss, R. P. and Shanks, C. H. Jr (1986) Use of membrane filters as a substrate in insect feeding bioassays. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. Winter, 248–249.Google Scholar
Duncan, D. B. (1955) Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11, 248–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Nockrashy, A. S., Salama, H. S. and Taha, F. (1986) Influence of baitformulations on the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis against Spodoptera littoralis (Bois.) (Lep., Noctuidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 101, 381–389.Google Scholar
Hafez, M., Salama, H. S., Aboul Elal, R. G. and Ragaeil, M. (1987) Evaluation of adjuvants for use with Bacillus thuringiensis against Heliothis armigera (Hubn) J. Appl. Entomol. 103, 313–319.Google Scholar
Hsiao, T. H. (1969) Adenine and related substances as potent feeding stimulants for the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. J. Insect Physiol. 15, 1785–1790.Google Scholar
Ignoffo, C. M., Hostetter, D. L. and Smith, D. B. (1976) Gustatory stimulant, sunlight protectant, evaporation retardant: Three characteristics of an insecticide adjuvant. J. Eton. Entomol. 69, 207–210.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. R. (1982) Suppression of Heliothis spp. on cotton using Bacillus thuringiensis, Baculovirus heliothis and two feeding adjuvants. J. Econ. Entomol. 75, 207–210.Google Scholar
Khalifa, A., Salama, H. S., Azmy, N. and El-Sharaby, A. (1974) Taste sensitivity of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, to chemicals. J. Insect Physiol. 20, 67–76.Google Scholar
Meisner, J., Ascher, K. R. S. and Eizick, C. (1984) Effects of the commercial stimulant Coax and Gustol on the toxicity of cypermethrin and deltamethrin against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 11, 1123–1126.Google Scholar
Meisner, J., Ascher, K. R. S. and Kamh, J. (1970) Feeding stimulants for the larva of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. I. Assaying the larval response to extracts of several host plants and to some pure substances with the Styropor method. World Rev. Pest Contr. 9, 104–118.Google Scholar
Navon, A., Meisner, J. and Ascher, K. R. S. (1987) Feeding stimulant mixtures for Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol 80, 990–993.Google Scholar
Ochieng, R. S., Onyango, F. O. and Bungu, M. D. O. (1985) Improvement of techniques for mass culture of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Insect Sci. Applic. 6, 425–428.Google Scholar
Patti, J. H. and Carner, G. R. (1974) Bacillus thuringiensis investigations for the control of Heliothis spp. on cotton. J. Econ. Entomol. 67, 415–418.Google Scholar
Richter, A. R. and Fuxa, J. R. (1984) Preference of five species of Noctuidae for feeding stimulant adjuvants. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 19, 383–387.Google Scholar
Sithole, S. Z. (1990) Status and control of the stem borer, Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in southern Africa. Insect Sci. Applic A 1, 481––488.Google Scholar
Salama, H. S., Rizk, A. A. and Sharaby, A. (1971) Evidence of phagostimulants in cotton leaves eliciting feeding of Spodoptera littoralis. Experimentia 27, 329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shanks, C. H. Jr and Doss, R. P. (1987) Feeding responses by adults of five species of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to sucrose and sterols. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 80, 41–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torto, B., Hassanali, A. and Saxena, K. N. (1990) Chemical aspects of Chilo partellus feeding on certain sorghum cultivars. Insect Sci. Applic. 11, 649–655.Google Scholar
Warui, C. M. and Kuria, J. N. (1983) Population incidence and the control of maize stalk borers Chilo partellus (Swinhoe), C. orichalcociliellus Strand and Sesamia calamistis Hmps. in Coast Province, Kenya. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 11–18.Google Scholar