Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-2l2gl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-29T20:08:56.340Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Cuticular hydrocarbons of Glossina austeni and G. pallidipes: Similarities between populations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

D. A. Carlson
Affiliation:
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA
B. D. Sutton
Affiliation:
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Affairs, Division of Plant Industry, Advanced Diagnostics Laboratory and Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
U. R. Bernier
Affiliation:
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA
Get access

Abstract

Wild Glossina austeni and G. pallidipes appear in many different populations. All conspecific flies possess similar surface hydrocarbons that include species-specific contact sex pheromones. Recently, evidence for a contact sex stimulant was found in the surface hydrocarbons extracted from female G. austeni. The bioactive hydrocarbon fraction contained alkanes and unsaturated hydrocarbons that were separated and analysed by GC/GC-MS. The structure and relative abundances of alkanes and alkenes from several populations of laboratory and wild collected specimens appeared to be similar.

Similarly, the alkanes of conspecific female G. pallidipes from several locations were analysed to determine differences and similarities with older, published work on the sex pheromone of the species. The components were analysed by GC-MS and were very similar across populations. If major components were compared, only minor variation was observed between females from Zimbabwe (wild), Amsterdam, ICIPE/Kenya, Kenya, Tanzania (wild), Uganda/Bristol and Arba Minch/Ethiopia. The absolute meaning of these differences is not known, since the activity of synthetic sex pheromones was shown conclusively against Wageningen and ICIPE males in 1984–1986 tests, although they were less active against Zimbabwe males.

Résumé

Des souches sauvages de mouches tsé-tsé, Glossina austeni et G.pallidipes apparaissent au sein de différentes populations. Toutes les mouches apparentées à une même espèce excrètent des hydrocarbures qui incluent des phéromones sexuelles attractives spécifiques à l'espèce. Récemment, on a démontré l'existence des substances stimulant l'attraction sexuelle dans les excrétions d'hydrocarbures isolés de la paroi externe du corps de la femelle de G. austeni. La fraction bioactive des hydrocarbures contenait des alcanes et des hydrocarbures non saturés qui ont été isolés et analyses par GC/GC-MS. La structure et la quantité relative des alcènes obtenus des specimens de plusieurs populations élevées au laboratoire ou collectées dans la nature comportaient des similarités. De mëme, les alcanes des femelles apparentées à l'espèce de G. pallidipes collectées de diverses localités ont étaient analyses pour en déterminer les différences et les similitudes en comparaison des travaux antérieurs publiés sur les phéromones de cette espèce. Ces composés ont étaient analysés par GC/GC-MS et ils comportaient des similarités au sein des populations. La comparaison de la majorité des composés a montré une variation infime entre les femelles provenant de Zimbabwe (souche type sauvage), d'Amsterdam, de I'ICIPE/Kenya, du Kenya, Tanzanie (type sauvage), Uganda, et de Bristol et Arba en Ethiopie. Le bien-fondé de ces différences n'est pas connu vu que les phéromones sexuelles synthétiques furent définitivement effectives contre les mâles des souches de Wageningen et de I'ICIPE lors des tests effectués en 1984–1986, alors qu'elles étaient moins actives via-à-vis des males provenant de Zimbabwe.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Carlson, D. A. and Langley, P. A. (1986) Tsetse alkenes: Appearance of novel sex-specific compounds as an effect of mating. J. Insect Physiol. 32, 781790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlson, D. A. and Brenner, R. J. (1988) Hydrocarbon-based discrimination of three North American Blattella cockroach species (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) using gas chromatography. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 81, 711723.Google Scholar
Carlson, D. A., Roan, C.-S., Yost, R. A. and Hector, J. (1989) Dimethyl disulfide derivatives of long chain alkenes, alkadienes, and alkatrienes for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Analyt. Chem. 61, 15641571.Google Scholar
Carlson, D. A., Bernier, U. R. and Sutton, B. D. (1998) Elution patterns from capillary GC for methyl–branched alkanes. J. Chem Ecol. 24, 18451865.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlson, D. A., Milstrey, S. K. and Narang, S. K. (1993) Genetic classification of the tsetse flies using cuticular hydrocarbons. Bull. Entomol. Soc. 83, 507515.Google Scholar
Carlson, D. A., Langley, P. A. and Huyton, P. M. (1978) Sex pheromone of the tsetse fly: Isolation, identification and synthesis of contact aphrodisiacs. Science 201, 750753.Google Scholar
Carlson, D. A., Nelson, D. R., Langley, P. A., Coates, T. W., Davis, T. L. and Leegwater-Vander Linden, M. (1984) Contact sex pheromone in the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes (Austen); Identification and synthesis. J. Chem. Ecol. 10, 429450.Google Scholar
Carlson, D. A. and Schlein, Y. (1991) Unusual polymethyl alkenes in tsetse flies acting as Abstinon in Glossina morsitans. J. Chem. Ecol. 17, 267284.Google Scholar
Gooding, R. (1998) Genetics of hybrid sterility in tsetse (Glossinidae): From one marker gene to many questions, p. 66. In Proc. 4th International Congress of Dipterology 6–13 Sept 1998 (Edited by Ismay, J. W.). University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Huyton, P. M., Langley, P. A., Carlson, D. A. and Schwartz, M. (1980) Specificity of contact sex pheromones in tsetse flies, Glossina spp. Physiol. Ent. 5, 253264.Google Scholar
Krafsur, E. S., Griffiths, N., Wohiford, D., Madsen, M. and Baker, M. (1998) Genetic variation and population differentiation in the morsitans group of tsetse (Glossinidae), pp. 109110. In Proc. 4th International Congress of Dipterology 6–13 Sept 1998 (Edited by Ismay, J. W.). University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Kuwahari, K. and Mori, K. (1983) Synthesis of all three stereoisomers of 13, 23-dimethylpentatriacontane, the sex pheromone of the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes. Agric. Biol. Chem. 47, 25992606.Google Scholar
Matsuyama, K. and Mori, K. (1994) Synthesis of a stereoisomeric mixture of 13, 25–, 11, 21- and 11, 23- dimethylheptatriacontane, the contact sex pheromone of the tsetse fly, Glossina tachinoides. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 58, 539543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDowell, P. G., Hassanali, A. and Dransfield, R. (1985) Activity of the diastereomers of 13, 23- dimethylpentatriacontane, the sex pheromone of Glossina pallidipes, and comparison with the natural pheromone. Physiol. Entomol. 10, 183190.Google Scholar
Nelson, D. R. and Carlson, D. A. (1986) Cuticular hydrocarbons of the tsetse flies Glossina morsitans, G. austeni and G. pallidipes. Insect Biochem. 16, 403416.Google Scholar
Nelson, D. R., Carlson, Ü. A. and Fatland, C. L. (1988) Cuticular hydrocarbons of the tsetse flies, II: G. p. palpalis, G. p. gambiensis, G. fuscipes, G. tachinoides and G. brevipalpis. J. Chem. Ecol. 14, 963987.Google Scholar
Sutton, B. D. and Carlson, D. A. (1997a) Cuticular hydrocarbons of the Glossina (Diptera: Glossinidae): Subgenera Glossina and Nemorhina. J. Chem. Ecol. 23, 12911320.Google Scholar
Sutton, B. D. and Carlson, D. A. (1997b) Cuticular hydrocarbon variation in the Tabanidae (Diptera): Tabanus nigrovittatus complex of the North American Atlantic coast. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 90, 542549.Google Scholar
Sutton, B. D., Carlson, D. A., Lockwood, J. A. and Nunamaker, R. A. (1996) Cuticular hydrocarbons of glacially–preserved Melanophis (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Identification and comparison with hydrocarbons of M. sanguinipes (Fabricius) and M. spretus Walsh. J. Orthop. Res. 5, 112.Google Scholar