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Insecticidal activities of Piper guineense Schum and Thonn, and Capsicum species on the cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus F.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Matt F. Ivbijaro  and
M. Agbaje
Matt F. Ivbijaro
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
M. Agbaje
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abstract

Piper guineense Schum and Thonn, mixed with cowpea seeds, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, was significantly superior (P < 0.05) to the large, red and mild Capsicum annum var connoides (Miller) and the small, red and pungent Capsicum frutescens L. in causing up to 96% mortality to adults of Callosobruchus maculatus F. within 48 hr. When applied as ground pepper, P. guineense was more active insecticidally than when applied as whole fruits.

Adult bruchids in contact with P. guineense showed significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the numbers of eggs laid, and in the numbers of F1, offspring that emerged compared with adult bruchids exposed to the same doses of C. annum or C. frutescens respectively.

Neither of the peppers reduced the viability of the cowpea seeds or the absorption of water needed to soften the seed testa for decortication before cooking or processing.

At a cost price of U.S.A. $0.003 per 1 g of black pepper, and an effective application rate of 1 g black pepper to 20 g cowpea, there is a saving of over $750 by disinfesting a ton of cowpea with black pepper for a storage period of 2–3 months in a metallic drum which costs less than $50.00

Résumé

Piper Guineense Schum et Thonn, mélangé aux semences de niébé, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, a été significativement supérieur (P < 0,05) au Capsicum annum var connoides (Miller) gros, rouge et doux et au Capsicum frutescens L. petit, rouge et piquant en provoquant dans 48 hr la mort de 96% des adultes de Callosobruchus maculatus F. P. guineense, utilisé sous forme de poudre, a eu une activité insecticide plus forte que lorsqu'il est utilise en entier. Les bruches adultes en contact avec P. guineense montrèrent une diminution significative (P < 0,05) des nombres d'oeufs pondus et des nombres de progénitures obtenus en F1 en comparaison avec les bruches adultes seumis respectivement aux mêmes doses de C. annum ou C. frutescens.

Ni l'un ni l'autre des poivres n'a réduit la viabilité des semences ou l'absorption de l'eau nécessaire au ramollissement du tégument des grains pour le décortiquage avant préparation ou transformation. Une application effective de la dose de 1 g poivre noir pour 20 g de niébé, a un prix de revient de 0,003 par gramme de poivre noir, fait gagner plus de 750 dollars U.S.A. en désinfectant, pour une durée de stockage de 2 à 3 mois, une tonne de niébé dans une caisse métallique qui ceûte moins de 50 dollars U.S.A.

Keywords

Piper guineenseinsecticidal activitiesCallosobruchus maculatusmortalityfecundityseed germinationPiper guineenseactivités insecticidesCallosobruchus maculatusmortalitéféconditégermination des semences
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 7 , Issue 4 , August 1986 , pp. 521 - 524
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1986

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References

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