Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-21T00:41:01.007Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparison of Midgut Trypsin/Lectin Activities and Trypanosome Infection Rates in Three Glossina Species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

J. A. Kongoro ,
E. O. Osir ,
M. O. Imbuga  and
N. O. Oguge
J. A. Kongoro
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00506, Kenya
E. O. Osir
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00506, Kenya
M. O. Imbuga
Affiliation:
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P. O. Box 6200, Nairobi; Kenya
N. O. Oguge
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access

Abstract

—Midgut trypsin and lectin levels were determined in three tsetse species, namely Glossina morsitans morsitans, G. longipennis and G. fuscipes fuscipes. In addition, the abilities of midgut homogenates prepared from these flies to transform bloodstream-form Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T. congolense were compared in vitro. In all the species examined, trypsin levels did not differ significantly up to 24 h post-bloodmeal. There were similar rates of transformation of the bloodstream-form trypanosomes into procyclic (midgut) forms in vivo, so that all species had similar levels of infection in the midgut. However, trypsin levels continued to increase beyond 24 h, reaching a peak between 48 and 72 h. The peak was lowest in G. m. morsitans. The midgut homogenates in this species also had the lowest levels of lectin. The species had the highest levels of mature T. congolense and T. brucei infections. We propose that the lower levels of peak midgut tryspin and lectin in G. m. morsitans is important in the establishment of trypanosome infections in this species of tsetse.

Résumé

—Nous avons déterminé les teneurs en trypsine et en lectine de l'intestin moyen de trois espèces de mouche tsétsé, à savoir Glossina morsitans morsitans, G. longipennis et G. fuscipes fuscipes. Nous avons en outre testé in vitro, les capacités de transformation des formes sanguines de Trypanosoma brucei brucei et T. congolense par les homogénats de l'intestin moyen. Chez toutes les espèces étudiées, les teneurs en trypsine ne different pas significativement pendant les 24 heures qui suivent la prise de sang. In vivo, on observe des taux similaires de transformations des formes sanguines des trypanosomes en formes procycliques (intestin moyen), suggérant que les trois espèces ont des niveaux d'infection comparables dans l'intestin moyen. Cependant, les teneurs en trypsine continuent à augmenter au-delà de 24 h et atteignent un pic entre 48 et 72 h. Le pic est plus bas chez G. m. morsitans. Chez cette espèce, nous constatons que les homogénats d'intestin moyen présentent les concentrations les plus faibles en lectine, alors que nous observons les plus fortes infections de formes mures de T. congolense et T. brucei. Ceci suggère qu'une faible valeur des pics de concentration en trypsine et en lectine de l'intestin moyen de G. m. morsitans est un facteur important pour l'établissement des infections de trypanosomes.

Keywords

Glossina speciestrypanosomessusceptibilitytrypsinslectinsespèce de mouches tsétsétrypanosomessensibilitétrypsinelectine
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 22 , Issue 4 , December 2002 , pp. 295 - 301
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abubakar, L., Osir, E. O. and Imbuga, M. O. (1995) Properties of a blood-meal-induced midgut lectin from the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans. Parasitol. Res. 81, 271–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheeseman, M. T. and Gooding, R. H. (1985) Proteolytic enzymes from tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina palpalis (Diptera: Glossinidae). Insect Biochem. 15, 677–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Felix, C. R., Betschart, P., Billingsley, P. F. and Freyvogel, T. A. (1991) Post-feeding induction of trypsin in the midgut of Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Glossinidae) is separated into two cellular phases. Insect Biochem. 21, 197–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gooding, R. H. and Rolseth, B. M. (1976) Digestive processes of haematophagous insects. XI. Partial purification and some properties of six proteolytic enzymes from the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae). Can. J. Zool. 54, 1950–1959.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ibrahim, E. A., Ingram, G. A. and Molyneux, D. H. (1984) Haemagglutinins and parasite agglutinins in haemolymph and gut of Glossina. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 35, 151–156.Google ScholarPubMed
Imbuga, M. O., Osir, E. O., Labongo, V. L., Darji, N. and Otieno, L. H. (1992) Studies on tsetse midgut factors that induce differentiation of bloodstream Trypanosoma brucei in vitro. Parasitol. Res. 78, 10–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maudlin, I. (1985) Inheritance of susceptibility to trypanosomes in tsetse flies. Parasitol Today 1, 59–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maudlin, I. (1991) Transmission of African trypanosomes: Interaction among tsetse immune system, symbionts and parasites. Adv. Dis. Vec. Res. 7, 117–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maudlin, I. and Welburn, S. C. (1987) Lectin-mediated establishment of midgut infections of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei in Glossina morsitans. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 38, 167–170.Google ScholarPubMed
Maudlin, I. and Welburn, S. C. (1988a) The role of lectins and trypanosome genotype in the maturation of midgut infections in Glossina morsitans. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 39, 56–58.Google ScholarPubMed
Maudlin, I. and Welburn, S. C. (1988b) Tsetse immunity and the transmission of trypanosomiasis. Parasitol. Today 4, 109–111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mihok, S., Munyoki, E., Brett, R. A., Jonyo, J. F., Rottcher, D., Majiwa, P. A. O, Kangethe, E. K., Kaburia, H. F. A and Zweygarth, E. (1992) Trypanosomiasis and the conservation of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) at the Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary, Tsavo West National Park, Kenya. Afr. J. Ecol. 30, 103–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minter, D. M. (1989) The African trypanosomes, pp. 78–80. Geographical Distribution of Arthropod-borne Diseases and their Principal Vectors. WHO/VBC/89.967.Google Scholar
Moloo, S. K. and Kutuza, S. B. (1988) Comparative study on infection rates of different laboratory strains of Glossina species by Trypanosoma congolense. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2, 253–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moloo, S. K., Gettinby, G., Olubayo, R. O., Kabata, J. M. and Okumu, I. O. (1993) A comparison of African buffalo, N'Dama and Boran cattle as reservoirs of Trypanosoma vivax for different Glossina species. Parasitology 108, 277–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molyneux, D. H. and Stiles, J. K. (1991) Trypanosomatidvector interactions. Ann. Soc. Belg. Med. Trop. 71, (Suppl. 1), 151–166.Google ScholarPubMed
Mwangelwa, I.M. (1990) Ecology and vectorial capacity of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead 1910 on Rusinga Island and along the shores of Lake Victoria, Kenya. PhD thesis.Google Scholar
Osir, E. O., Abubakar, L. and Imbuga, M. O. (1995) Purification and characterization of a midgut lectintrypsin complex from the tsetse fly Glossina longipennis. Parasitol Res. 81, 276–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Osir, E. O., Imbuga, M. O. and Onyango, P. (1993) Inhibition of Glossina morsitans midgut trypsin activity by D-glucosamine. Parasitol Res. 79, 93–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Otieno, L. H., Darji, N., Onyango, P. and Mpanga, E. (1983) Some observations on factors associated with the development of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infections in Glossina morsitans morsitans. Ada Trop. (Basel) 40, 113–120.Google ScholarPubMed
Owaga, M. L. A (1981) Ecological studies and laboratory rearing of the tsetse species Glossina longipennis Corti in Kenya. Insect Sci. Applic. 2, 197–200.Google Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. (1988) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Release 6.03 Edition, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Stiles, J. K., Ingram, G. A., Wallbanks, K. R., Molyneux, D. H., Maudlin, I. and Welburn, S. (1990) Identification of midgut trypanolysin and trypanoagglutinin in Glossina palpalis spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae). Parasitol. Res. 101, 369–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van den Abbeele, J. and Decleir, W. (1991) Study of vectorial capacity of Glossina sp. related to its digestive physiology and rearing conditions, pp. 91–103. In Tsetse Control Diagnosis and Chemotherapy Using Nuclear Techniques. IAEA-TECDOC-634. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.Google Scholar
Yabu, T. and Takayanagi, T. (1988) Trypsin stimulated transformation of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense bloodstream forms to procyclic forms in vitro. Parasitol. Res. 74, 501–506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed