Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-20T17:25:43.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Deinstitutionalization Movement in Italy: Ideological Thrust to Cultural Error

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2009

Lola Romanucci-ross
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego

Abstract

The Basaglia movement in Italian psychiatry is described and analyzed in several contexts: the historical, the cultural, and the “practical” in terms of outcomes. Those who began the movement of democratic psychiatry grasped interesting elements of “critical theory”: the definitions of madness, power structures, and medical discourse itself. A backward look at the sea change, however, reveals states and rates of dysfunction that disappoint and indicate that political ideology divorced from cultural awareness can often harden the opposition.

Type
Special Section: The Assessment of Psychiatry
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Bacigalupi, M., Cecere, F., Area, M., et al. La Mortalità dei Ricoverati negli ospedali psichiatrici nella regione Lazio: Primi resultati. Epidemiologie e Prevenzione, 1988, 34, 3643.Google Scholar
2.Barbagli, N., & Corbetta, P.Partito e movimento: Aspetti del rinnovamento del PCI. Inchiesta, 1978, 7, 346.Google Scholar
3.Barbato, A., Terzian, E., Saraceno, B., et al. Patterns of aftercare for psychiatric patients discharged after short inpatient treatment: An Italian collaborative study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 1992, 27, 4652.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Barbato, A., Terzian, E., Saraceno, B., et al. Outcome of discharged psychiatric patients after short inpatient treatment: An Italian collaborative study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 1992, 27, 192–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Basaglia, F. (ed). L'Istituzione Negata. Torino: Einaudi, 1968.Google Scholar
6.Basaglia, F. Breaking the circuit of control. In Engleby, D. (ed.), Critical psychiatry. New York: Pantheon, 1980.Google Scholar
7.Basaglia, F. La distruzione dell' ospedale psichiatrico come luogo di istituzionalizzazione. In Basaglia, F. (ed.), Scritti I: Dalla psichiatria fenomenologic all' esperienza di Gorizia. Torino: Einaudi, 1981.Google Scholar
8.Burti, L., Glick, I. D., & Tansella, M.Measuring the treatment environment of a psychiatric ward and a community mental health center after the Italian reform. Community Mental Health Journal, 1990, 26, 193204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Burti, L., Garzotto, N., Siciliani, O., et al. South Verona’s psychiatric service and integrated system of community care. Hospital and Community Pschiatry, 1986, 37, 809–13.Google Scholar
10.Caciagli, M. Tra internazionalismo e localismo: L’area rossa. Meridiana, No. 16: Questione Settentrionale, 8198.Google Scholar
11.Calabrese, L. V., Micciolo, R., & Tansella, M.Patterns of care for chronic patients after the Italian psychiatric reform: A longitudinal case register study. Social Science and Medicine, 1990, 31, 815–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Centra Studi Investimenti Sociali. Le Politiche Psichiatriche Regionali nel Doporiforma e lo Stato Attuale dei Servizi. Roma: Censis, 1984.Google Scholar
14.Crepet, P.A transition period in psychiatric care in Italy ten years after the reform. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1990, 156, 2736.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.De Leonardis, O.Dopo il manicomio: L'esperienza psichiatria di arezzo. Rome: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, II Pensiero Scientifico, 1981.Google Scholar
13.Crepet, P.The Italian mental health reform, nine years on. Acta Psichiatrica Scandinavica, 1988, 77, 515–23.Google Scholar
16.De Salvia, D., & Crepet, P. (eds.) Psichiatria Senza Manicomi. Milano: Feltrinelli, 1982.Google Scholar
17.De Salvia, D., & Called, V.Streghe, stregoni, stregate: Psichiatria e animazione. Padova: Tencarola, 1980.Google Scholar
18.Di Muccio, P. E adesso salvateci dalle leggi incivili. Il Giornale, 1994, 04 25, 36.Google Scholar
19.Farmindustria. Indicatori farmaceutici. Roma: Nuove Dimensioni, 1988.Google Scholar
20.Glick, I. D.Improving treatment for the severely mentally ill: Implications of the decade long Italian psychiatric reform (published erratum appears in Psychiatry, 1990, 53, 424. Psychiatry, 1990, 53, 316–23.Google Scholar
21.Goldman, H. H., & Morrissey, J. P.The alchemy of mental health policy: Homelessness and the fourth cycle of reform. American Journal of Public Health, 1985, 75, 727–31.Google Scholar
22.Kertzer, D. I.Comrades and Christians: Religion and political struggle in Communist Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.Google Scholar
23.Lancet. Editorial. Lancet, 1985, 1, 731–32.Google Scholar
24.Lovell, A. M., & Scheper-Hughes, N.Deinstitutionalization and psychiatric expertise (Italy and the U.S.). International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 1986, 9(special issue), 3.Google Scholar
25.Maj, M.Brief history of Italian psychiatric legislation from 1904 to the 1978 reform act. Acta Psichiatrica Scandinavica, 1985, 316 (suppl.), 1525.Google Scholar
26.Moos, R. H.Evaluating treatment environments: A social ecological approach. New York: Wiley, 1974.Google Scholar
27.Mosher, L. R.Recent developments in the care, treatment, and rehabilitation of the chronic mentally ill in Italy. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 1983, 34, 947–50.Google ScholarPubMed
28.Piro, S.La scacchiera maladetta: Esercitazione critica su psicologia, psichiatria, psicoanalisi. Napoli: Tempi Moderni Edizione, 1980.Google Scholar
29.Pizzorno, A.Introduzione alle studio della partecipazione politica. Quaderni di Sociologia, 1966, 15, 235–71.Google Scholar
30.Romanucci-Ross, L. Madness, deviance and culture. In Romanucci-ross, L., Moerman, D., & Tancredi, L. (eds.), The anthropology of medicine: From culture to method. Boston: Bergin and Garvey, 1983, 267–83.Google Scholar
31.Romanucci-Ross, L.L’eloquenza del cogito: Sciamanno e antropologo tra terapia e politica. Materiali Filosofici, 1985, 14, 4656.Google Scholar
32.Romanucci-Ross, L.Creativity in illness: Methodological linkages to the logic and language of science in folk pursuit of health in Central Italy. Social Science and Medicine, 1986, 23, 17.Google Scholar
33.Romanucci-Ross, L.One hundred towers: An Italian odyssey of cultural survival. New York: Bergin and Garvey, 1991.Google Scholar
34.Romanucci-Ross, L., & Tancredi, L.Psychiatry, the law and cultural determinants of behavior. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 1986, 9, 265–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Sgroi, E.Farsi giustizia de se: Strategic di sopra vivenza e crisi della legalita. L'illegalità diffusa in Italia. Quaderni di Sociologia, 1989, 32(4).Google Scholar
36.Tancredi, L. R. Psychiatry and social control. The anthropology of medicine: From culture to method. South Hadley, MA: Bergin and Garvey, 1983, 284–97.Google Scholar
37.Tansella, M., DeSalvia, D., & Williams, P.The Italian psychiatric reform: Some quantitative evidence. Social Psychiatry, 1987, 22, 3748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Thornicroft, G., Bisoffi, G., DeSalvia, D., & Tansella, M.Urban-rural differences in the associations between social deprivation and psychiatric service utilization in schizophrenia and all diagnoses: A case-register study in Northern Italy. Psychological Medicine, 1993, 23, 487–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39.Williams, P., & Tansella, M.Italian psychiatric care (letter; comment). Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1990, 83, 476.Google Scholar