¹ Some of the material in this paper is also discussed in Tessler, Mark A., Hawkins, Linda L., and Parsons, Jutta, “Minorities in Retreat: The Jews of the Maghreb,” in McLaurin, R. D., ed., The Political Role of Minorities in the Middle East (New York 1979);Google Scholar additional comparisons of Jews in North Africa and Arabs in Israel are to be found in Tessler, Mark A., “The Identity of Religious Minorities in Nonsecular States: Jews in Tunisia and Morocco and Arabs in Israel,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 20 (07 1978), 359–373,CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Tessler, Mark A., “Ethnic Change and Non-Assimilating Minority Status: Jews in Tunisia and Morocco and Arabs in Israel,” in Keyes, C., ed., Ethnic Change (Seattle, forthcoming):Google Scholar and some findings relating to Arabs in Israel are presented in Tessler, Mark A., “Israel's Arabs and the Palestinian Problem,” Middle East Journal, 31 (Summer 1977), 313–329.Google Scholar

² For a fuller discussion of the relationship between religion and politics in contemporary Middle Eastern society, see Tessler, Mark A., “Secularism in the Middle East? Reflections on Recent Palestinian Proposals,” Ethnicity, 2 (07 1975), 178–203.Google Scholar

³ Most literature on North African Jewry is in French. Perhaps the most useful general account of recent vintage is Chouraqui, Andre, La Saga des Juifs en Afrique du Nord (Paris, 1972).Google Scholar A useful introductory work in English is the translation of one of Chouraqui's earlier books, The Jews of North Africa: Between East and West (Philadelphia, 1968).Google Scholar For the interested reader, an extensive bibliography, which includes monographs and a thorough review of the periodical literature, is to be found in Attal, Robert, Les Juifs d'Afrique du Nord: Bibliographie (Leiden, 1973).Google Scholar Finally, for a look at recent scholarship in the field, attention is directed to the many papers presented at an International Conference on Jewish Communities in Muslim Lands, held in Jerusalem in the Spring of 1974 and sponsored by the Institute of Asian and African Studies and the Ben Zvi Institute.

⁴ In cases where the publication of certain facts or opinions might be prejudicial, details have been changed to protect the identity of informants or the persons about whom they reported.

⁵ Jews from the Spanish-speaking zone of northern Morocco have for the most part gone to Spain or South America.

⁶ Among the most important works are Bensimon-Donath, D., Immigrants d'Afrique du Nord en Israel (Paris, 1970),Google ScholarDeshen, S., Immigrant Voters in Israel (Manchester, 1970),Google ScholarEisenstadt, S. N., et al. , eds., Integration and Development in Israel (London, 1970),Google Scholar and Shokeid, M., The Dual Heritage: Immigrants from the Atlas Mountains in an Israeli Village (Manchester, 1971).Google Scholar

⁷ It may be noted that political participation and efficacy levels among Muslims were not always as low as in 1973. See Tessler, Mark A., “The Application of Western Theories and Measures of Political Participation to a Single-Party North African State,” Comparative Political Studies, 5 (07 1972), 175–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Ideally, it would be desirable to assess Jewish attitudes at a time when Muslims had more positive political orientations and higher levels of political participation in order to distinguish more fully between currents which derive from the general situation and those which derive from the position of Jews in society.

⁸ Social science faculties at the national university in Rabat were closed in 1973 as a result of student unrest. Survey research on questions of potential relevance was not encouraged and, unlike Tunisia, few indigenous scholars were carrying out such research.

⁹ Differences in the Tunisian and Moroccan political style can be appreciated by reading and comparing Moore, Clement Henry, Tunisia since Independence (Berkeley, 1965),Google Scholar and Waterbury, John, The Commander of the Faithful (New York, 1970).Google Scholar Comparative political studies of the two countries include Ashford, Douglas, National Development and Local Reform (Princeton, 1965),Google ScholarMoore, Clement Henry, Politics in North Africa (Boston, 1971),Google Scholar and Hermassi, Elbaki, Leadership and National Development in North Africa (Berkeley, 1972).Google Scholar