The first model is described as the practicing legal profession's House of Intellect. It provides, like a medical school attached to a teaching hospital, not only “basic education and training, but also specialist training, continuing education, basic and applied research and high level consultancy and information services.” Twining comments with an understatement: “In no modern Western country has this model been realised in law.”

International cooperation for the promotion and encouragement of human rights and fundamental freedoms is one of the very purposes of the United Nations, according to article 1 of the Organization's Charter. The mandate is clear. In order to live up to this purpose, much work has been undertaken by establishing international human rights standards and by encouraging and persuading states to comply with these same standards.

This presentation, by way of an overview, briefly describes the international human rights instruments and the classification and contents of the standards contained therein. The methods employed by the United Nations and non-governmental organization (NGOs) for the realization of the standards are also outlined, including monitoring procedures, technical assistance and other activities concerned with the protection and promotion of human rights. Finally, the presentation identifies UN institutions where human rights issues and procedures are debated and decided upon.

In a statement to the 52nd session of the Commission on Human Rights, then UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali characterized Geneva as the “city of human rights.” Interestingly, the first organization he used to illustrate his point was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. While others may share this view of UNHCR as a “human rights organization,” UNHCR–at least on the policy level-has been slower to adopt this self-image. At the same time, it is easy to categorize UNHCR's Centre for Documentation and Research (CDR) as a “refugee and human rights” information centre because it sets out specifically to collect materials which fall within the human rights domain. To give you a better sense of the context in which CDR develops its collections, I would like to first review UNHCR's activities as they relate to refugees and human rights, then conduct a brief demonstration of a database which provides access to a significant repository of human rights documentation. Then you can decide for yourselves whether or not UNHCR indeed qualifies as a “human rights organization”!

Both in general and in regional international law, the subject of private patrimonial rights presents a spectrum of interesting points for discussion. Amid the most notorious issues that have loomed in recent times in relation to this topic, one could refer to the dispute over the dormant accounts of Holocaust victims in Switzerland and other European countries (or, more widely, to the entire question of gold and other property stolen by the Nazis during the Second World War), to the problem of reprivatization of property in Eastern Europe, or to the issue of restitution of property taken in pursuance of communist reforms in the former Soviet Union and its former satellite countries.

A little more than seventy years ago a pioneer for children's rights in England, displayed pictures of starving children in other parts of Europe damaged by the war. She was arrested for obscenity. However, people rallied to her support and an international movement for children's rights began to take shape.

This new movement drafted the Declaration on the Rights of the Child which was adopted by the Assembly of the League of Nations in 1924. The first step towards international norms for the protection of children had been taken. The declaration only contained five principles of which the most important said that children should be the first to receive aid in case of an emergency situation.

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, Resolution XXX, Ninth International Conference of American States, Bogotá, Colombia, 1948, reprinted in Basic Documents Pertaining to Human Rights in the Inter-American System, OEA/Ser. L/V.II.82, doc. 6, rev. 1 at 17 (1992).

It is known world-wide that there are human rights abuses in Tibet. In this paper I wish to discuss why these abuses arise, and how they can be put to an end. This will be analyzed with the help of theories laid down by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im, a Sudanese expert on human rights and international law, and Boaventura de Sousa Santos, a Portuguese expert in the sociology of law.

This paper attempts to explore briefly the history of the human rights movement in Latin America and the validity of the dominant European approach on human rights in the region. In light of this discussion, the paper looks at the problems of diversity and human rights in Latin America—universal rights and specific rights, equality and inequality before the law, especially in the case of indigenous rights and children's rights.

The relationship between democracy, poverty and human rights is also examined in this article, as well as the current process of globalization and its impact on human rights in Latin America.

There are several ways to define what is meant by a rare book:

• It can be rare because of its unique provenence. With help of exlibris, signatures or other annotations you can identify the owner or owners of the book. The owner may make the book rare.

When I began working at Covington and Burling several years ago, I knew that the firm had a diverse practice, and so I expected the Library's collection to both reflect and support this diversity. However, I was not thinking that this would translate into a rather significant and substantial historical collection of books and other materials on food, pharmaceuticals, home remedies, medical devices, fashion, fragrances, and cookbooks. All collected to be consulted rather frequently by the firm's Food and Drug lawyers.

Oscar Wilde's sally about Lord Darlington ‘a man who knows the price of everything, and the value of nothing’ is very much the embodiment of the idea of what the valuation of rare books has come to mean today. Samuel Johnson defined the practitioner of this art, if one can call it that, a valuator, and defined him as ‘one who sets upon anything its price,’ a term for which he gives as synonym, appraiser. The term valuer is still used, and mostly pompously so, in the Anglo-Saxon auction world, its usage confirmed by the 19th century definition within the Act of Parliament 17 & 18 Victoria c.229 § 29 ‘to appoint a valuer to value the same.’ One can of course dismiss the subject as an etymological conceit, which in a sense it is, and say, what's in a name ? or conclude that ‘woord is but wynd.'