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CHINESE LACQUERWARES FROM BEGRAM: DATE AND PROVENANCE
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 January 2011
Abstract
In the 1930s, the French Archaeological Delegation discovered a few fragments of Chinese lacquerwares at the Hellenistic town of Begram in Afghanistan. These lacquerware fragments, along with other artifacts from this site, have puzzled generations of scholars. Through a comparison of these fragments with lacquerwares discovered in China proper and beyond, this article offers a new chronology of the period from 74 BC to AD 23. This temporal frame corresponds to a time when the social life of Begram is vague in historical records, but it appears that the local aristocracy, for a period of about a hundred years, must have had some political and economic interactions with the late Western Han and Xin dynasties.
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References
REFERENCES
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Hackin 1954 Hackin, J.Nouvelles recherches archéologiques à Begram, ancienne Kâpicî, 1939–1940; rencontre de trois civilisations, Inde, Grèce, Chine. Avec la collaboration de J.-R. Hackin, J. Carl et P. Hamelin. E'tudes comparatives par J. Auboyer et al. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1954.Google Scholar
Hong 2006 Hong Shi, 洪石. Zhanguo Qin Han Qiqi Yanjiu 战国秦汉漆器研究 (“A study of lacquerwares of the Warring States, Qin, and Han dynasties”). Beijing: Wenwu Chubanshe, 2006.Google Scholar
Hubeisheng Bowuguan 1976 Hubeisheng Bowuguan, 湖北省博物馆. “Guanghua wuzuofen Xi Han mu 光化五座坟西汉墓” (“Five Western Han tombs at Wuzuofen in Guanghua County”). Kaoguxuebao 2 (1976), pp. 149–68.Google Scholar
Hubeisheng Bowuguan 1981 Hubeisheng Bowuguan, 湖北省博物馆. “Yunmeng Dafentou yihao Hanmu 云梦大坟头一号汉墓” (“Han Tomb No.1 at Dafentou in Yunmeng County”). Wenwu Ziliao Congkan 文物资料丛刊 4 (1981), pp. 1–28.Google Scholar
Hunansheng and Yongzhoushi Zhishanqu 2001 Hunansheng Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo, 湖南省文物考古研究所 and Yongzhoushi Zhishanqu Wenwu Guanlisuo, 永州市芝山区文物管理所. “Hunan Yongzhoushi Yaoziling erhao Xi Han mu 湖南永州市鹞子岭二号西汉墓” (“Tomb No. 2 at Yaoziling in Yongzhou City, Hunan Province”). Kaogu 4 (2001), pp. 45–62.Google Scholar
Li 2002 Li Zhengguang, 李正光. Handai Qiqi Tu'anji 中国漆器图案集 (“Anthology of Chinese lacquerware designs”). Beijing: Wenwu Chubanshe, 2002.Google Scholar
Lin 1998 Lin Meicun, 林梅村. “Niya Hanjian zhong youguan Xi Han yu Dayuezhi guanxi de zhongyao shi liao 尼雅汉简中有关西汉与大月氏关系的重要史料” (“Important historical data on the relationship between the Western Han and the Great Yuezhi recorded in the Han slips from Niya”). In Meicun, Lin, Han Tang Xiyu yu Zhongguo Wenming 汉唐西域与中国文明 (“The Western Regions and Chinese civilization in the Han and Tang dynasties”), pp. 256–64. Beijing: Wenwu Chubanshe, 1998.Google Scholar
Mani 1987 Mani, Buddha Rashmi. The Kushan Civilization. Delhi: B. R. Publishing Corporation, 1987.Google Scholar
Mehendale 1997 Mehendale, Sanjyot. Begram: New Perspectives on the Ivory and Bone Carvings. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1997.Google Scholar
Mehendale 2008 Mehendale, Sanjyot. “Begram: at the Heart of the Silk Roads.” In Afghanistan: Hidden Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul, eds. Hiebert, Fredrik and Cambon, Pierre, pp. 131–43. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2008.Google Scholar
Miniaev and Sakharovskaia 2007 Miniaev, Sergei S. and Sakharovskaia, L. M.. “Investigation of a Xiongnu Royal Tomb Complex in the Tsaraam Valley.” The Silk Road 5.1 (2007), pp. 44–56.Google Scholar
Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens 2003 Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, Michèle. “Les laques Chinois de Begram: Un reexamen de leur identification et de leur datation.” Topoi 11:1 (2001), pp. 473–84.Google Scholar
Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens 2007 Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, Michèle. “A Chinese Inscription from a Xiongnu Elite Barrow in the Tsaraam Cemetery.” The Silk Road 5:1 (2007), pp. 56–58.Google Scholar
Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens 2009 Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, Michèle. “Chinese Lacquerware from Noyon uul: Some Problems of Manufacturing and Distribution.” The Silk Road 7 (2009), pp. 31–41.Google Scholar
Prüch 1997 Prüch, Margarete. Die Lacke der Westlichen Han-Zeit. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris, and Wein: Peter Lang, 1997.Google Scholar
Purcell and Spurr 2006 Purcell, David E. and Spurr, Kimberly C.. “Archaeological Investigations of Xiongnu Sites in the Tamir River Valley.” The Silk Road 4:1 (2006), pp. 20–31.Google Scholar
Puri 1994 Puri, B. N. “The Kushans.” In History of Civilizations of Central Asia, vol. II, eds. Harmatta, János, Puri, B. N., and Etemadi, G. F., pp. 247–63. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 1994.Google Scholar
Rütti 1999 Rütti, Beat. “Der Pharosbecher von Begram – ein spätantikes Figurendiatret.” In Antike Glastöpferei: Ein vergessenes kapitel der glasgeschichte, pp. 129–34. Mainz and Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1999.Google Scholar
Stern 1954 Stern, Philippe. “Les ivories et os découverts à Begram leur place dans l'évolution de l'art de l'inde.” In Nouvelles recherches archéologiques à Begram, ancienne Kâpicî 1939–1940: rencontre de trois civilisations, Inde, Grèce, Chine, ed. Hackin, J., avec la collaboration de J.-R. Hackin, , J. Carl et P. Hamelin, , pp. 17–54. E'tudes comparatives par J. Auboyer et al. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1954.Google Scholar
Trever 1932 Trever, Camilla. Excavations in Northern Mongolia (1924–1925). Leningrad: L. Fedorov, 1932.Google Scholar
Umehara 1943 Umehara, Sueji 梅原末治. Shina Kandai kinenmei shikki zusetsu 支那漢代紀年銘漆器圖說 (“Illustrated explanations of dated lacquerwares of the Chinese Han dynasty”). Kyoto: Kuwana Bunseido, 1943.Google Scholar
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