Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-06T16:40:39.842Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Cosmic X-Ray Spectra

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

K. A. Pounds*
Affiliation:
Dept. of Physics, University of Leicester, England

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Nine years of rocket and balloon observations, considerably enhanced in the last few months by the survey experiment on the Uhuru satellite, have revealed a large number – now approaching 100 – of cosmic x-ray sources, remarkable in both their luminosities (Lx= 1036–1046 ergs s-1) and apparent variety. Spectral data, expected eventually to be of crucial importance in revealing the emission processes and dynamics of individual sources, have been of generally inadequate quality to date (e.g. Figure 1).

Type
Section VI / Spectra of Cosmic X-Ray Sources
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1972

References

[1] Van Speybroeck, L. P.: 1972, this volume, p. 845.Google Scholar
[2] Culhane, J. L. and Acton, L. W.: 1970, Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 151, 141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[3] Rappaport, S., Bradt, H. V., Naranan, S., and Spada, G.: 1969, Nature 221, 428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[4] Pottasch, S. R.: 1964, Space Sci. Rev. 3, 816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[5] Sandage, A. R., Osmer, P., Giacconi, R., Gorenstein, P., Gursky, H., Waters, J. R., Bradt, H., Garmire, G., Sreekantan, B. V., Oda, M., Osawa, K., and Jugaku, J.: 1966, Astrophys. J. 146, 316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[6] Gorenstein, P., Gursky, H., and Garmire, G.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 153, 885.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[7] Hill, R. W., Grader, R. J., and Seward, F. D.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 154, 655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[8] Westphal, J. A., Sandage, A., and Kristian, J.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 154, 139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[9] Neugebauer, G., Oke, J. B., Becklin, E., and Garmire, G.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 155, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[10] Griffiths, R. E., Cooke, B. A., and Pounds, K. A.: 1971, Nature Phys. Sci. 229, 175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[11] Griffiths, R. E.: 1971, Ph.D. Thesis, Leicester University.Google Scholar
[12] Holt, S. S., Boldt, E. A., and Serlemitsos, P. J.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 158, 155; 1970, in Gratton, L. (ed.), ‘Non-Solar X- and Gamma Ray Astronomy, IAU Symp. 37, 138.Google Scholar
[13] Fritz, G., Meekins, J. F., Henry, R. C., and Friedman, H.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 156, 33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[14] Acton, L. W., Catura, R. C., Culhane, J. L., and Fisher, P. C.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 161, 175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[15] Felten, J. E. and Rees, M. J. (to be published).Google Scholar
[16] Kestenbaum, H., Angel, J. R. P., and Novick, R.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 164, 87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[17] Loh, E. D. and Garmire, G. P.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 166, 301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[18] Overbeck, J. W. and Tananbaum, H. D.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 153, 899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[19] Agrawal, P. C., Biswas, S., Gokhale, G. S., Iyengar, V. S., Kunte, P. K., Manchanda, R. M., and Sreekantan, B. V.: 1971, Astrophys. Space Sci. 10, 500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[20] Riegler, G. R., Boldt, E., and Serlemitsos, P.: 1970, Nature 226, 1041.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[21] Palmieri, T. M., Burginyon, G., Grader, R. J., Hill, R. W., Seward, F. D., and Stoering, J. P.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 164, 61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[22] Gorenstein, P., Harris, B., Gursky, H., Giacconi, R., Novick, R., and Van den Bout, P.: 1971, Science 172, 369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[23] Bowyer, S., Byram, E. T., Chubb, T. A., and Friedman, H.: 1964, Science 146, 912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[24] Linke, R., Novick, R., and Weisskopf, M. C.: 1971, Bull. Ann. Astron. Soc. 3, 392.Google Scholar
[25] Shklovsky, I. S.: 1966, Sov. Astron. 10, 6.Google Scholar
[26] Shklovsky, I. S.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 159, 77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[27] Fritz, G., Meekins, J. F., Chubb, T. A., Friedman, H., and Henry, R. C.: 1971a, Astrophys. J. 164, 55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[28] Brown, R. L. and Gould, R. J.: 1970, Phys. Rev. 1, 2252.Google Scholar
[29] Coleman, P. L., Bunner, A. N., Kraushaar, W. L., and McCammon, D.: 1971, to be published in Astrophys. J.Google Scholar
[30] Leong, C., Kellogg, E., Gursky, H., Giacconi, R., Tananbaum, H., and Bishop, J.: 1971, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 3, 399.Google Scholar
[31] Bradt, H., Mayer, W., Naranan, S., Rappaport, S., and Spada, G.: 1967, Astrophys. J. 150, 199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[32] Gursky, H., Kellogg, E. M., Leong, C., Tananbaum, H., and Giacconi, R.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 165, 43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[33] Kellogg, E., Gursky, H., Leong, C., Schreier, E., Tananbaum, H., and Giacconi, R.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 165, 49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[34] Gursky, H., Kellogg, E., Murray, S., Leong, C., Tananbaum, H., and Giacconi, R.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 167, 81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[35] Adams, D. J., Cooke, B. A., Evans, K., and Pounds, K. A.: 1969, Nature 222, 757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[36] Byram, E. T., Chubb, T. A., and Friedman, H.: 1971, Nature 229, 544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[37] Janes, A. F., Pounds, K. A., Ricketts, M. J., and Rees, M. J.: 1971, Nature Phys. Sci. 230, 188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[38] Lampton, M., Bowyer, S., Mack, J. E., and Margon, B.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 168, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[39] Cohen, M. H., Moffet, A. T., Shaffer, D., Clark, B. G., Kellermann, K. L., Jauncey, D. L., and Gulkis, S.: 1961. Astrophys. Letters 2, 141.Google Scholar
[40] Graham, I.: 1971, Nature 231, 253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[41] Fritz, G., Davidsen, A., Meekins, J. F., and Friedman, H.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 164, 81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[42] Silk, J.: 1970, Space Sci. Rev. 11, 671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[43] Bunner, A. N., Coleman, P. C., Kraushaar, W. L., McCammon, D., Palmieri, T. M., Shilepski, A., and Ulmer, T. M.: 1969, Nature 223, 1222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[44] Henry, R. C., Fritz, G., Meekins, J. F., Chubb, T., and Friedman, H.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 163, 73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[45] Vette, J., Matteson, J. L., Gruber, D., and Peterson, L. E.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 160, 161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[46] Shulman, S., Fritz, G., Meekins, J. F., Chubb, T. A., Friedman, H., and Henry, R. C.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 166, 9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[47] Shwartz, D. A., Boldt, E. A., Holt, S. S., Serlenitsos, P. J., and Bleach, R. D.: 1971, Nature Phys. Sci. 233, 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[48] Longair, M. S. and Sunyaev, R.: 1969, Astrophys. Letters 4, 65.Google Scholar
[49] Felten, J. E. and Rees, M. J.: 1969, Nature 221, 924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[50] Tucker, W. H.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 161, 1161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[51] Silk, J.: 1971, to be published in Astrophys. J.Google Scholar
[52] Felten, J. E. and Morrison, P.: 1966, Astrophys. J. 146, 686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[53] Bergeron, J. E.: 1969, Astron. Astrophys. 3, 42.Google Scholar
[54] Schwartz, D., Hudson, H. S., and Peterson, L. E.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 162, 431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[55] Golenetsky, S. V., Mazets, E. P., Ilinsky, V. N., Aptekar, R. L., Bredov, M. M., Guryan, Y. A., and Panov, V. N.: 1971, Astrophys. Letters 9, 69.Google Scholar
[56] McCammon, D., Bunner, A. N., Coleman, P. L., and Kraushaar, W. L.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 168, 33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[57] Abies, J. B.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 155, 27.Google Scholar
[58] Friedman, H., Byram, E. T., and Chubb, T. A.: 1967, Science 156, 374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[59] Lewin, W. H. G., Clark, G. W., and Smith, W. B.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 152, 49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[60] Cooke, B. A. and Pounds, K. A.: 1970, Nature 229, 144.Google Scholar
[61] Davison, P. J. N., Buselli, G., Clancy, M. C., and Thomas, R. N.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 167, 479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[62] Clark, G. W., Lewis, W. H. G., and Smith, W. B.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 151, 21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[63] Grader, R. J., Hill, R. W., Seward, F. D., and Toor, A.: 1966, Science 152, 1499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[64] Grader, R. J., Hill, R. W., Seward, F. D., and Hiltner, W. A.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 160, 1193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[65] Gorenstein, P., Kellogg, E. M., and Gursky, H.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 160, 199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[66] Haymes, R. C., Ellis, D. V., Fishmen, G. J., Kurfess, J. D., and Tucker, W. H.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 151, 9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[67] Peterson, L. E., Jacobson, A. S., Pelling, R. M., and Schwartz, D. A.: 1968, Can. J. Phys. 46, 437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[68] Rothenflug, R., Boclet, D., Claisse, J., Durouchou, P., and Rocchia, R.: 1969, Astron. Astrophys. 1, 48.Google Scholar