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Corruption and Crime: A Perspective of the Fairer Sex

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2023

Geetha A. Rubasundram*
Affiliation:
Member, Board of Directors, International Society of Criminology
*
*Corresponding Author: Geetha A. Rubasundram, Member, Board of Directors, International Society of Criminology. E-mail: geetharubasundram@yahoo.com

Abstract

Traditionally, women have been perceived as the fairer sex with a moral compass and with less inclination towards gaining wealth and taking risks. Past research has posited that women consider crime due to need. Recently one piece of research has considered greed due to the development and empowerment of women, the opportunities and power accorded to them in line with governance frameworks, policies and regulations that cover crimes, penalties and punishments, and cultural and social norms. Social perspectives influence the moral values passed down within social and family units. A pilot survey of female participants exposed to investigation and law and from two age groups of 18–39 years and 40–61 years reflected a significant change in culture and values. The older group was critical of corrupt behaviour and that the choices were the “right thing to do”. The younger participants were selective in their choices, choosing to deny or be silent if there was insufficient evidence and protection or where there was the involvement of someone dear. This reflects the power of knowledge, empowerment and education. The author discusses case studies of women exposed to crime, including organized crime, via their family or social networks to assess abuse of power and trust.

Abstracto

Abstracto

Tradicionalmente, las mujeres son percibidas como el sexo débil con una brújula moral y menos inclinadas hacia la riqueza y el riesgo. Investigaciones anteriores postulan que las mujeres consideran el crimen debido a la necesidad. Uno reciente considera la codicia debido al desarrollo y empoderamiento de las mujeres, las oportunidades y el poder que se les otorga en línea con los marcos de gobernanza, políticas y regulaciones que cubren delitos, penas y castigos, y normas culturales y sociales. Las perspectivas sociales influyen en los valores morales transmitidos dentro de las unidades sociales y familiares. Una encuesta piloto de mujeres participantes expuestas a la investigación y el derecho y de dos grupos de edad de 18 a 39 y de 40 a 61 reflejó un cambio significativo en la cultura y los valores. El grupo mayor criticó el comportamiento corrupto y dijo que las opciones eran “lo correcto”. Los participantes más jóvenes fueron selectivos en sus elecciones, optando por negar o guardar silencio si no había suficientes pruebas y protección o si había alguien querido involucrado. Esto refleja el poder del conocimiento, el empoderamiento y la educación. La autora analiza estudios de casos de mujeres expuestas al crimen, incluido el crimen organizado, a través de su familia o redes sociales para evaluar el abuso de poder y confianza.

Abstrait

Abstrait

Traditionnellement, les femmes sont perçues comme le sexe plus juste avec une boussole morale et moins enclines à la richesse et au risque. Des recherches antérieures postulent que les femmes considèrent le crime comme un besoin. La recherch récente considère la cupidité due au développement et à l’autonomisation des femmes, les opportunités et le pouvoir qui leur sont accordés conformément aux cadres de gouvernance, aux politiques et réglementations qui couvrent les crimes, les peines et les punitions, et les normes culturelles et sociales. Les perspectives sociales influencent les valeurs morales transmises au sein des unités sociales et familiales. Une enquête pilote auprès de participantes exposées à l’enquête et au droit et provenant de deux groupes d'âge de 18 à 39 ans et de 40 à 61 ans a reflété un changement important de culture et de valeurs. Le groupe plus âgé critiquait les comportements corrompus et affirmait que les choix étaient la « bonne chose à faire ». Les jeunes participants étaient sélectifs dans leurs choix, choisissant de nier ou de se taire s’il n’y avait pas suffisamment de preuves et de protection ou s’il y avait l’implication d’une personne chère. Cela reflète le pouvoir de la connaissance, de l’autonomisation et de l'éducation. L’auteur discute des études de cas de femmes exposées à la criminalité, y compris le crime organisé, via leurs réseaux familiaux ou sociaux pour évaluer les abus de pouvoir et de confiance.

抽象的

抽象的

传统上,女性被认为是具有道德指南针的更公平的性别,并且不太倾向于财富和风险。 过去的研究表明,女性认为犯罪是出于需要。 最近的一项研究考虑了由于妇女的发展和赋权而产生的贪婪,以及根据涵盖犯罪、刑罚和惩罚以及文化和社会规范的治理框架、政策和法规赋予她们的机会和权力。 社会观点影响社会和家庭单位内传承的道德价值观。 对 18 至 39 岁和 40 至 61 岁两个年龄组的女性参与者进行的调查和法律试点调查反映了文化和价值观的重大变化。 老一辈的人批评腐败行为,认为这些选择是"正确的做法"。 年轻的参与者在选择时是有选择性的,如果没有足够的证据和保护,或者有亲人的参与,他们会选择否认或保持沉默。 这反映了知识、赋权和教育的力量。 作者讨论了通过家庭或社交网络接触犯罪(包括有组织犯罪)的妇女的案例研究,以评估权力和信任的滥用。

نبذة مختصرة

نبذة مختصرة

تقليديا ، يُنظر إلى النساء على أنهن الجنس اللطيف مع بوصلة أخلاقية وأقل ميلًا نحو الثروة والمخاطرة. تفترض الأبحاث السابقة أن النساء يعتبرن الجريمة بسبب الحاجة. في الآونة الأخيرة ، يعتبر الجشع بسبب تطور المرأة وتمكينها ، والفرص والسلطات الممنوحة لها بما يتماشى مع أطر الحوكمة والسياسات والأنظمة التي تغطي الجرائم والعقوبات والعقوبات والأعراف الثقافية والاجتماعية. تؤثر وجهات النظر الاجتماعية على القيم الأخلاقية التي تنتقل داخل الوحدات الاجتماعية والعائلية. عكست دراسة استقصائية تجريبية للمشاركات اللائي تعرضن للتحقيق والقانون ومن فئتين عمريتين من 18 إلى 39 و 40 إلى 61 تغييراً هاماً في الثقافة والقيم. كانت المجموعة الأكبر سناً تنتقد السلوك الفاسد وأن الخيارات كانت الشيء الصحيح الذي ينبغي عمله. كان المشاركون الأصغر سنًا انتقائيين في اختياراتهم ، واختاروا الرفض أو الصمت إذا لم تكن هناك أدلة وحماية كافية أو كان هناك مشاركة من شخص عزيز. هذا يعكس قوة المعرفة والتمكين والتعليم. تناقش الكاتبة دراسات حالة لنساء تعرضن للجريمة ، بما في ذلك الجريمة المنظمة ، عبر أسرهن أو شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي لتقييم إساءة استخدام السلطة والثقة.

Type
Article
Copyright
© International Society of Criminology, 2023

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