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Household carriage and acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae: A systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2019

Romain Martischang Open the ORCID record for Romain Martischang [Opens in a new window] ,
Maria E. Riccio ,
Mohamed Abbas ,
Andrew J. Stewardson ,
Jan A. J. W. Kluytmans  and
Stephan Harbarth
Romain Martischang
Affiliation:
Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
Maria E. Riccio
Affiliation:
Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
Mohamed Abbas
Affiliation:
Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
Andrew J. Stewardson
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
Jan A. J. W. Kluytmans
Affiliation:
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Stephan Harbarth*
Affiliation:
Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
*
Author for correspondence: Stephan Harbarth, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Service Prévention et Contrôle de l'Infection, CH-1211 Genève 14. E-mail: stephan.harbarth@hcuge.ch
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Abstract

Objective:

The epidemiology of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) has been extensively studied in hospitals, but data on community transmission are scarce. We investigated ESBL-PE cocarriage and acquisition in households using a systematic literature review.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic literature search to retrieve cross-sectional or cohort studies published between 1990 and 2018 evaluating cocarriage proportions and/or acquisition rates of ESBL-PE among household members, without language restriction. We excluded studies focusing on animal-to-human transmission or conducted in nonhousehold settings. The main outcomes were ESBL-PE cocarriage proportions and acquisition rates, stratified according to phenotypic or genotypic assessment of strain relatedness. Cocarriage proportions of clonally related ESBL-PE were transformed using the double-arcsine method and were pooled using a random-effects model. Potential biases were assessed manually.

Results:

We included 13 studies. Among 863 household members of ESBL-PE positive index cases, prevalence of ESBL-PE cocarriage ranged from 8% to 37%. Overall, 12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8%–16%) of subjects had a clonally related strain. Those proportions were higher for Klebsiella pneumoniae (20%–25%) than for Escherichia coli (10%–20%). Acquisition rates of clonally related ESBL-PE among 180 initially ESBL-PE–free household members of a previously identified carrier ranged between 1.56 and 2.03 events per 1,000 person weeks of follow-up. We identified multiple sources of bias and high heterogeneity (I2, 70%) between studies.

Conclusions:

ESBL-PE household cocarriage is frequent, suggesting intrafamilial acquisition. Further research is needed to evaluate the risk and control of ESBL-PE household transmission.

Type
Original Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 41 , Issue 3 , March 2020 , pp. 286 - 294
Copyright
© 2019 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved.

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Footnotes

PREVIOUS PRESENTATION: These results were presented in part as a poster at the Fifth International Conference on Prevention and Infection Control on September 13, 2019, in Geneva, Switzerland.

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