Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T21:51:55.865Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Cephalosporin Antibiotic Agents — II. First- and Second-Generation Agents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

T. Donald Marsh
T. Donald Marsh*
Affiliation:
Shenandoah Shared Hospital Services, Inc., Harrisonburg, Virginia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The first article in this series discussed the cephalosporin antibiotic agents as a class, including the similarities in their structure, antimicrobial action, and toxicity. Part II focuses on the difference between commercially available first- and second-“generation” agents.

The cephalosporins are classified using various criteria, including vulnerability to beta-lactamase hydrolysis and antibacterial activity. The latter classification is based on the in vitro activity of the individual agents, with each succeeding “generation” possessing a greater spectrum of activity than the previous generation(s).

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 5 , Issue 12 , December 1984 , pp. 577 - 582
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Garzone, P, Lyon, J, Yu, VL: Third-generation and investigational cephalosporins: Structure-activity relationships and pharmacokinetic review. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1983;17:507–515.Google Scholar
2.Bertino, JS, Speck, WT: The cephalosporin antibiotics. Pediatr Clin North Am 1983;30:17–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Thompson, RL, Wright, AJ: Cephalosporin antibiotics. Mayo Clin Proc 1983;58:79–87.Google Scholar
4.Barza, M, Miao, PVW: Cephalosporins. Am J Hosp Pharm 1977;34:621–629.Google ScholarPubMed
5.Gillett, AP, Wise, R, Andrews, JM: Comparative in vitro microbiological activity and stability of cefaclor. Postgrad Med J 1979; 55 (suppl 4):9–11.Google ScholarPubMed
6.Crenshaw, CA, Glanges, E, Webber, CE, et al: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study of preventive cefamandole therapy in patients at high risk for undergoing cholecystectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1981;153:546–552.Google Scholar
7.Preblud, SR, Gill, CJ, Campos, JM: Bactericidal activities of chloramphenicol and eleven other antibiotics against Salmonella spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:327–330.Google Scholar
8.LeFrock, JL, Schell, RF, Carr, BB, et al: Cefoxitin therapy in aerobic, anaerobic, and mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1982;16:306–312.Google Scholar
9.Garcia, MJ, Dominguez-Gil, A, Tabernero, JM, et al: Pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin in patients undergoing hemodialysis. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Biopharmacology 1979;17:366–370.Google Scholar
10.Tally, FP, Miao, PVM, O'Keefe, JP, et al: Cefoxitin therapy of anaerobic and aerobic infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 1979;5:101–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Geelhoed, GW, Simon, GL: Systemic antibiotic therapy in surgical patients. South Med J 1984;77:355–359.Google Scholar
12.Brunham, RC: Therapy for acute pelvic inflammatory disease: A critique of recent treatment trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;148:235–240.Google Scholar
13.Cefuroxime Sodium (Zinacef) Med Lett Drugs Ther 1984;26:15–16.Google Scholar
14.Sirinavin, S, Chiemchanya, S, Visudhipan, P, et al: Cefuroxime treatment of bacterial meningitis in infants and children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:273–275.Google Scholar
15.Garzone, P, Lyon, J, Yu, VL: Third-generation and investigational cephalosporins: Microbiologic review and clinical summaries. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1983;17:615–622.Google Scholar
16.Dudley, MN, Quintiliani, R, Nightingale, CH: Review of cefonicid, a long-acting cephalosporin. Clin Pharm 1984;3:23–32.Google Scholar
17.Barriere, SL, Mills, J: Ceforanide: Antibacterial activity, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy. Pharmacotherapy 1982;2:322–327.Google Scholar
18.Nightingale, CH, French, MA, Quintiliani, R: Cephalosporins, in Evans, WE, Schentag, JJ, Jusko, WJ (eds): Applied Pharmacokinetics: Principles of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Spokane, WA, Applied Therapeutics Inc, 1980.Google Scholar
19.Nightingale, CH, Greene, DS, Quintiliani, R: Pharmacokinetics and clinical use of cephalosporin antibiotics. J Pharm Sci 1975;64:1899–1927.Google Scholar
20.Moellering, RC, Swartz, MN: Drug Therapy; The newer cephalosporins. N Engl J Med 1976;294:24–28.Google Scholar
21.Brogard, JM, Comte, F: Pharmacokinetics of the new cephalosporins. Antibiol Chemother 1982;31:145–210.Google Scholar
22.McCracken, GH, Ginsburg, CM, Clarkson, JC, et al: Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor in infants and children. J Antimicrob Chemother 1978;4:515–521.Google Scholar
23.Quintiliani, R, Nightingale, CH: Cefazolin. Ann Intern Med 1978; 89(part 1):650–656.Google Scholar
24.Estey, EH, Weaver, SS, LeBlanc, BM, et al: Ceforanide kinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1981;30:398–403.Google Scholar
25.Kenady, DE, Ram, MD: Biliary levels of ceforanide. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1983;23:706–709.Google Scholar
26.Thomas, M, Browning, AK, McFarland, RJ: Excretion of cefuroxime in biliary disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1984;158:272–274.Google ScholarPubMed
27.Fitzgerald, RH, Thompson, RL: Cephalosporin antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal sepsis. J Bone and Joint Surg 1983; 65A:1201–1205.Google Scholar
28.Smith, BR, LeFrock, JL: Bronchial tree penetration of antibiotics. Chest 1983;83:904–908.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Leed, CC, Marbury, TC: Drug therapy in patients undergoing haemodialysis: Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet 1984;9:42–66.Google Scholar
30.Bennett, WM, Muther, RS, Parker, RA, et al: Drug therapy in renal failure: Dosing guidelines for adults. Ann Intern Med 1980;93:62–89.Google Scholar
31.Quintiliani, R, French, M, Nightingale, CH: First and second generation cephalosporins. Med Clin North Am 1982;66:183–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Marsh, TD: The cephalosporin antibiotic agents—I. Considered as a group. Infect Control 1984;5:493–496.Google Scholar
33.Wong, R, Gee, CL, Ledger, WJ: Prophylactic use of cefazolin in monitored obstetric patients undergoing cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol 1978;51:407–411.Google Scholar
34.DiPiro, JT, Record, KE, Bivins, BA: Evaluation of new cephalosporins for prophylaxis of surgical infection Clin Pharm 1982;1:135–140.Google Scholar
35.Stiver, HG, Forward, KR, Livingstone, RA, et al: Multicenter comparison of cefoxitin vs. cefazolin for prevention of infectious morbidity after nonelective cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;145:158–163.Google Scholar
36.Rehm, SJ, McHenry, MC: Oral antimicrobial drugs. Med Clin North Am 1983;67:57–98.Google Scholar
37.Aronovitz, GH: Treatment of otitis media with cefaclor, a new oral cephalosporin. South Med J 1980;73:1447–1449.Google Scholar
38.Murray, DL, Singer, DA, Singer, AB, et al: Cefaclor—A cluster of adverse reactions. N Engl J Med 1980;303:1003.Google ScholarPubMed
39.Ackley, AM, Felsher, J: Adverse reactions to cefaclor. South Med J 1981;74:1550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Humbert, G: Pharmacokinetics of Cefadroxil in normal subjects and in patients with renal insufficiency. Infection 1980; (suppl 5):1S598.Google Scholar
41.Barriere, SL: “Long-acting” cephalosporins: Cost effective but efficacy questionable. Clin Pharm 1984;3:78.Google Scholar
42.Nelson, JD: A primer for pediatricians on new cephalosporin antibiotics. Am J Dis Child 1983;137:1041–1042.Google Scholar
43.Quinn, EL, Madhavan, T, Wixson, R, et al: Cefamandole: Observations on its spectrum, concentration in bone and bile, excretion in renal failure, and clinical efficacy. Current Chemotherapy 1978; 803–804.Google Scholar
44.Griffith, RS, Black, HR, Brier, GL, et al: Cefamandole: In vitro and clinical pharmacokinetics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1976;10:814–823.Google Scholar
45.Guglielmo, J, Hohn, DC, Koo, PJ, et al: Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical procedures. Arch Surg 1983;118:943–955.Google Scholar
46.Rymer, W, Greenlaw, CW: Hypoprothrombinemia associated with cefamandole. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1980;14:780–783.Google Scholar
47.Angaran, DM, Dias, VC, Arom, KV, et al: The influence of prophylactic antibiotics on the warfarin anticoagulation response in the postoperative prosthetic cardiac valve patient. Ann Surg 1984;199:107–111.Google Scholar
48.Tally, FP, McGowan, K, Kellum, JM, et al: A randomized comparison of cefoxitin with or without amikacin and clindamycin plus amikacin in surgical sepsis. Ann Surg 1981;193:318–323.Google Scholar
49.DeTorres, OH: Hemolytic anemia and pancytopenia induced by cefoxitin. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1983;17:816–818.Google Scholar
50.Tietze, KJ, Gaska, JA: Cefoxitin-associated exfoliative dermatitis. Clin Pharm 1983;2:582–584.Google ScholarPubMed
51.Conte, JE, Barriere, SL (eds): Manual of Antibiotics and Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia, PA, Lea & Febiger. 1984.Google Scholar
52.Sommers, D, Van Wyk, M, Williams, PEO, et al: Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of cefuroxime axetil in volunteers during repeated dosing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:344–347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53.Harding, SM, Williams, PEO, Ayrton, J: Pharmacology of cefuroxime as the 1-acetoxyethyl ester in volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:78–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
54.Dudley, MN, Nightingale, CH, Quintiliani, R, et al: In vitro activity of cefonicid, ceforanide, and cefazolin against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and the effect of human serum. J Infect Dis 1983;148:178.Google Scholar
55.Pontzer, RE, Krieger, RE, Bosscia, JA, et al: Single-dose cefonicid therapy for urinary tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1983;23:814–816.Google Scholar