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Evaluating the Relationship Between Hospital Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance in Common Nosocomial Pathogens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 October 2017

Annie Wang ,
Nick Daneman ,
Charlie Tan ,
John S. Brownstein  and
Derek R. MacFadden
Annie Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Nick Daneman
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Charlie Tan
Affiliation:
Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
John S. Brownstein
Affiliation:
Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Derek R. MacFadden*
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
*
Address correspondence to Derek R. MacFadden, MD FRCPC, 200 Elizabeth St 13EN-213, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario (derek.macfadden@mail.utoronto.ca).
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The relationship between hospital antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance is poorly understood. We evaluated the association between antibiotic utilization and resistance in academic and community hospitals in Ontario, Canada.

METHODS

We conducted a multicenter observational ecological study of 37 hospitals in 2014. Hospital antibiotic purchasing data were used as an indicator of antibiotic use, whereas antibiotic resistance data were extracted from hospital indexes of resistance. Multivariate regression was performed, with antibiotic susceptibility as the primary outcome, antibiotic consumption as the main predictor, and additional covariates of interest (ie, hospital type, laboratory standards, and patient days).

RESULTS

With resistance data representing more than 90,000 isolates, we found the increased antibiotic consumption in defined daily doses per 1,000 patient days (DDDs/1,000 PD) was associated with decreased antibiotic susceptibility for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (−0.162% per DDD/1,000 PD; P=.119). However, increased antibiotic consumption predicted increased antibiotic susceptibility significantly for Escherichia coli (0.173% per DDD/1,000 PD; P=.005), Klebsiella spp (0.124% per DDD/1,000 PD; P=.004), Enterobacter spp (0.194% per DDD/1,000 PD; P=.003), and Enterococcus spp (0.309% per DDD/1,000 PD; P=.001), and nonsignificantly for Staphylococcus aureus (0.012% per DDD/1,000 PD; P=.878). Hospital type (P=.797) and laboratory standard (P=.394) did not significantly predict antibiotic susceptibility, while increased hospital patient days generally predicted increased organism susceptibility (0.728% per 10,000 PD; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

We found that hospital-specific antibiotic usage was generally associated with increased, rather than decreased hospital antibiotic susceptibility. These findings may be explained by community origins for many hospital-diagnosed infections and practitioners choosing agents based on local antibiotic resistance patterns.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1457–1463

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 38 , Issue 12 , December 2017 , pp. 1457 - 1463
Copyright
© 2017 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved 

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