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Decrease in Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Hospital-Acquired Infection in a Medical Intensive Care Unit after Institution of an Active Surveillance and Decolonization Program

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Thomas G. Fraser ,
Cynthia Fatica ,
Michele Scarpelli ,
Alejandro C. Arroliga ,
Jorge Guzman ,
Nabin K. Shrestha ,
Eric Hixson ,
Miriam Rosenblatt ,
Steven M. Gordon  and
Gary W. Procop
Thomas G. Fraser*
Affiliation:
Medicine Institute, Department of Infectious Disease, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio Quality and Patient Safety Institute, Section of Hospital Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
Cynthia Fatica
Affiliation:
Quality and Patient Safety Institute, Section of Hospital Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
Michele Scarpelli
Affiliation:
Quality and Patient Safety Institute, Section of Hospital Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
Alejandro C. Arroliga
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Scott and White Hospital and Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, Temple, Texas
Jorge Guzman
Affiliation:
Respiratory Institute, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
Nabin K. Shrestha
Affiliation:
Medicine Institute, Department of Infectious Disease, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Section of Clinical Microbiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
Eric Hixson
Affiliation:
Business Intelligence, Medical Operations, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
Miriam Rosenblatt
Affiliation:
Business Intelligence, Medical Operations, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
Steven M. Gordon
Affiliation:
Medicine Institute, Department of Infectious Disease, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
Gary W. Procop
Affiliation:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Section of Clinical Microbiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
*
Department of Infectious Disease/S32, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 (frasert@ccf.org)
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Abstract

Objective.

To evaluate the effects of an active surveillance program for Staphylococcus aureus linked to a decolonization protocol on the incidence of healthcare-associated infection and new nasal colonization due to S. aureus.

Design.

Retrospective quasi-experimental study.

Setting.

An 18-bed medical intensive care unit at a tertiary care center in Cleveland, Ohio.

Methods.

From January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2007, all patients in the medical intensive care unit were screened for S. aureus nasal carriage at admission and weekly thereafter. During the preintervention period, January 1 through September 30,2006, only surveillance occurred. During the intervention period, January 1 through December 31,2007, S. aureus carriers received mupirocin intranasally. Beginning in February 2007, carriers also received Chlorhexidine gluconate baths.

Results.

During the preintervention period, 604 (73.7%) of 819 patients were screened for S. aureus nasal carriage, yielding 248 prevalent carriers (30.3%). During the intervention period, 752 (78.3%) of 960 patients were screened, yielding 276 carriers (28.8%). The incidence of S. aureus carriage decreased from 25 cases in 3,982 patient-days (6.28 cases per 1,000 patient-days) before intervention to 18 cases in 5,415 patient-days (3.32 cases per 1,000 patient-days) (P = .04; relative risk [RR], 0.53 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.28-0.97]) and from 9.57 to 4.77 cases per 1,000 at-risk patient-days (P = .02; RR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.27-0.91]). The incidence of S. aureus hospital-acquired bloodstream infection during the 2 periods was 2.01 and 1.11 cases per 1,000 patient-days, respectively (P = .28). The incidence of S. aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia decreased from 1.51 to 0.18 cases per 1,000 patient-days (P = .03; RR, 0.12 [95% CI, 0.01-0.83]). The total incidence of S. aureus hospital-acquired infection decreased from 3.52 to 1.29 cases per 1,000 patient-days (P = .03; RR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.14-0.90]).

Conclusions.

Active surveillance for S. aureus nasal carriage combined with decolonization was associated with a decreased incidence of S. aureus colonization and hospital-acquired infection.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 31 , Issue 8 , August 2010 , pp. 779 - 783
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2010

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