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EDUCATIONAL TRAVEL IN PROTESTANT FAMILIES FROM POST-RESTORATION IRELAND*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 October 2015

RICHARD ANSELL
RICHARD ANSELL*
Affiliation:
University of York
*
Department of History, University of York, York, yo10 5ddransell5@gmail.com
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Abstract

This article examines travel within a group of Protestant families from Ireland over three generations after the Restoration. It offers both a case-study through which to reassess continental educational voyages, exploring a neglected period between the royalist exile of the 1650s and the mid-eighteenth-century heyday of the Grand Tour, and a contribution to current work on Irish elite formation. Histories of travel often begin as undifferentiated Englishmen or Britons arrive on the French or Dutch coast, but this study is the first to prioritize where travellers came from. Backgrounds, outlooks, and networks from home shaped experiences abroad. The article uses manuscript journals, letters, and financial accounts to locate travel within family educational strategies and to reconstruct preparations and advice. It explores how connections and identifications from home informed interactions with fellow travellers, expatriate communities, and foreign hosts. Travellers pursued two-sided interactions with hosts and destinations, returning with objects, accomplishments, and connections that fed into Irish elite formation. Continental links often feature in explanations of how Catholic Ireland survived, but this article shows that European encounters also contributed to Protestant hegemony. It demonstrates the importance of origins, as well as destinations, to understandings and experiences of educational travel.

Type
Articles
Information
The Historical Journal , Volume 58 , Issue 4 , December 2015 , pp. 931 - 958
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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Footnotes

*

I am grateful to Toby Barnard, Gabriel Glickman, Mark Williams, Phil Withington, and the anonymous referees for improvements to earlier drafts, to Rosemary Sweet and David Hayton for helpful suggestions, and to Hugh Mayo and William Molesworth for sharing unpublished work. The article draws on research pursued during my AHRC doctoral studentship and, under the guidance of Roy Foster, the Irish Government Senior Scholarship at Hertford College, Oxford.

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128 BNCF Gal. 161/153, 159, 168, 170, 174; 254/88, 100, 109; 258, fo. 40. Translations mine.

129 BL Add MS 35100, fos. 16–19; Egerton MS 1634, fo. 39v.

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139 Brennan, ed., Origins of the Grand Tour, p. 37; BL Add MSS 34753; 46955B, fo. 125r–v; 47059; Egerton MS 3805.

140 [Pullen], Vindication, p. 32.

141 BL Add MSS 46953, fos. 190–1; 46954A, fo. 206r–v; 46955A, fos. 176–183v; 46956A, fos. 122–148v.

142 BL Add MSS 46954A, fo. 30; 47113, fos. 9v, 66v.

143 PRONI D695/230; BL Add MS 38015, fo. 9v.

144 Barnard, Grand figure, p. 177; PRONI D695/226, fo. 29.

145 PRONI D695/226, fo. 11; 228, fo. 23; Berkeley, Works (1784), i, p. xxxi.

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147 Barnard, Grand figure, p. 310; Koninklijke Bibliotheek MS 133c.6, received 30 July 1696.

148 NLI microfilm P.3752, 7 July 1712; BL Add MSS 47025, fos. 66v–67; 47028, fo. 237; 58220, fos. 6v, 29.

149 TCD Lyons MSS 750/4, fo. 165; 2535, fo. 74; Eric G. Forbes, Lesley Murdin, Frances Willmoth, and Maria Forbes, eds., The correspondence of John Flamsteed, first Astronomer Royal (3 vols., Bristol, 1995–2002), ii, p. 211.

150 TCD Misc. Photocopy 175a.

151 Helen Jacobsen, Luxury and power: the material world of the Stuart diplomat, 1660–1714 (Oxford, 2012), p. 85.

152 Gailhard, Compleat gentleman, ii, pp. 33, 44–53, 141–2; Ellery Schalk, From valor to pedigree: ideas of nobility in France in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (Princeton, NJ, 1986), pp. 177–201; Mark Motley, Becoming a French aristocrat: the education of the court nobility, 1580–1715 (Princeton, NJ, 1990), pp. 123–67; Doucet, Corinne, ‘Les académies équestres et l’éducation de la noblesse (XVIe–XVIIIe siècle)’, Revue historique, 628 (2003), pp. 817–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Cohen, ‘Grand Tour’, pp. 243–4.

153 BL Add MS 46954B, fo. 5v; Stoye, English travellers, pp. 281–321; Little, ‘New English’, pp. 160–1; Philippe Chareyre, ‘Les protestants de Saumur au XVIIe siècle, religion et société’, in Saumur, capitale européenne du protestantisme au XVIIe siècle (Fontevraud, 1991), p. 53.

154 HMC, Egmont, ii, p. 178; Karin Maag, ‘The Huguenot academies: preparing for an uncertain future’, in Raymond A. Mentzer and Andrew Spicer, eds., Society and culture in the Huguenot world, 1559–1685 (Cambridge, 2002), pp. 139–56; Hilde de Ridder-Symoens, ‘Mobility’, in idem, ed., A history of the university in Europe, ii: Universities in early modern Europe (Cambridge, 1996), p. 437.

155 François Maximilien Misson, A new voyage to Italy (4 vols., London, 1714), iv, pp. 421–2; NLI MS 36, fo. 726; 13215, fos. 25–7, 33–7.

156 BL Add MS 47072, fo. 21.

157 Lansdowne, ed., Petty-Southwell correspondence, pp. 188, 271, 306; John Walter, ‘Gesturing at authority: deciphering the gestural code of early modern England’, in Michael J. Braddick, ed., The politics of gesture: historical perspectives, Past and Present supplement 4 (Oxford, 2009), pp. 96–127.

158 NLI MS 36, fo. 724.

159 BL Add MSS 46955A, fo. 110; 46955B, fos. 82r–v, 127–129v, 141.

160 NLI microfilm P.3753 [c. 1720]; Mayo, ‘Molesworth's Account’, p. 220.

161 Wallis, Patrick and Webb, Cliff, ‘The education and training of gentry sons in early modern England’, Social History, 36 (2011), pp. 36–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

162 BL Add MS 47113, fo. 6; NLI MSS 36, fo. 604; 2493, fo. 57. Translation mine.

163 L. M. Cullen, John Shovlin, and Thomas M. Truxes, eds., The Bordeaux–Dublin letters, 1757: correspondence of an Irish community abroad (Oxford, 2013), pp. 112–15.

164 Toby Barnard, A guide to sources for the history of material culture in Ireland, 1500–2000 (Dublin, 2005), p. 70; TCD Lyons MS 2535, fo. 64.

165 BL Add MS 47031, fo. 203.

166 Cohen, ‘Grand Tour’. D. W. Hayton and Michael Page are currently editing the Brodrick papers, held at Surrey History Centre, for publication.

167 BL Add MS 46952, fo. 240.

168 BL Add MS 46956A, fo. 103v.