¹ Armin Von Bogdandy & Jurgen Bast (eds.), europäisches verfassungsrecht (2003).Google Scholar

² Antje Wiener, Soft Institutions, in Principles of European Constitutional Law, 420 (A. Von Bogdandy & J. Bast eds., 2006).Google Scholar

³ Armin von Bogdandy, Constitutional Principles, in Principles of European Constitutional Law (A. Von Bogdandy & J. Bast eds., 2006).Google Scholar

⁴ Id., 7.Google Scholar

⁵ Id., 5.Google Scholar

⁶ Id., 9.Google Scholar

⁷ Christian. Tomuschat, Der Verfassungsstaat im Geşecht der internationalen Beziehungen, 36 Veröffentlichungen der Vereinigung der deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer 51–53 (1978).Google Scholar

⁸ Principles of European Constitutional Law (note 4), 145.Google Scholar

⁹ Id., 185.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Id., 188.Google Scholar

¹¹ Id., 226.Google Scholar

¹² Karl Loewenstein, Political Power and the Governmental Process 203 (1957).Google Scholar

¹³ Philippe Dann, The Political Institutions, in Principles of European Constitutional Law (note 4), 239.Google Scholar

¹⁴ The book came out before the two referenda in France and in the Netherlands.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Because of the inevitable connection between vertical and horizontal orders of competences.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Id., 372.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Id., 421.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Id., 499.Google Scholar

¹⁹ Jürgen Kühling, Fundamental Rights, in Principles of European Constitutional Law (note 4), 504Google Scholar

²⁰ Id., 507 et seq.Google Scholar

²¹ Id., 567.Google Scholar

²² Armin Hatje, The Economic Constitution, in Principles of European Constitutional Law, 587–632 (A.von Bogdandy & J. Bast eds., 2006).Google Scholar

²³ See for example the use of the Freiburg School Ordoliberal model.Google Scholar

²⁴ Principles of European Constitutional Law (note 4), 730.Google Scholar

²⁵ Id., 734.Google Scholar

²⁶ Id., 761.Google Scholar

²⁷ Id., 802.Google Scholar

²⁸ See for example the essays of Haltern, Möellers and Kirchhof.Google Scholar

²⁹ J. Ziller, Il nuovo Trattato europeo (2008).Google Scholar

³⁰ ECJ, Joined cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P, Yassin Abdullah Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v. European Council, 2008, not yet published: “Fundamental rights form an integral part of the general principles of law whose observance the Court ensures. For that purpose, the Court draws inspiration from the constitutional traditions common to the Member States and from the guidelines supplied by international instruments for the protection of human rights on which the Member States have collaborated or to which they are signatories…. It follows from all those considerations that the obligations imposed by an international agreement cannot have the effect of prejudicing the constitutional principles of the EC Treaty, which include the principle that all Community acts must respect fundamental rights, that respect constituting a condition of their lawfulness which it is for the Court to review in the framework of the complete system of legal remedies established by the Treaty”.Google Scholar

³¹ “The term ‘formant’ comes from phonetics, and a legal formant is the body of rules and propositions that contribute to “forming” the legal system. Without establishing any hierarchy between them, the comparativist studies the relevance of the legislative, scholarly and jurisprudential formants, along with constitutional conventions and interpretative usages, etc. Naturally, the number of legal formants and their comparative importance vary enormously from one legal system to another.’ Alberto Vespaziani, Comparison, Translation and the Making of a Common European Constitutional Culture 5 German Law Journal 547, 563 (2008), available at http://germanlawjournal.com/index.php?pageID=11&artID=955. The term ‘formant’ was introduced by Rodolfo Sacco (Legal Formants: A Dynamic Approach to Comparative Law American Journal of Comparative Law 1 (I) (1991) 39; Rodolfo Sacco, Legal Formants: A Dynamic Approach to Comparative Law American Journal of Comparative Law 343 (II)’ (1991) 39).Google Scholar